New Zealand Coastal Plants

Native Coastal Plants

Discover the hardy species that thrive in New Zealand's dynamic coastal environments, from mainland dunes to unique island endemics like Houpara found only on the Three Kings Islands.

Sand Dunes and Foredunes

The first line of coastal defense, sand dunes support specialized native plants adapted to mobile sand, salt spray, and extreme exposure. Key species include pīngao (Ficinia spiralis) and spinifex (Spinifex sericeus), which act as natural sand-binders creating stable dune systems.

Salt Marshes and Estuaries

These highly productive ecosystems are dominated by salt-tolerant rushes and sedges. Sea rush (Juncus kraussii) and jointed rush (Apodasmia similis) form dense communities alongside specialized endemic species like shore cotula and salt marsh ribbonwood.

Coastal Forests and Cliffs

Coastal forests form a protective belt inland from the shore, featuring iconic species like pōhutukawa, karaka, and taupata. Rocky coastal cliffs support rare and threatened plants including Cook’s scurvy grass and coastal peppercress, adapted to exposed conditions and salt spray.