Shore Pimpernel
Samolus repens
This native plant, known as Shore Pimpernel(scientific name: Samolus repens ), is a remarkable species endemic to New Zealand. It is characterized by its unique features, ecological role, and cultural significance. This comprehensive guide provides detailed information on its care, propagation, and importance within the New Zealand ecosystem. Understanding this plant contributes to the appreciation of our rich biodiversity and heritage, and supports conservation efforts for Browse All .
Plant Description
Identification and Physical Characteristics
Shore Pimpernel ( Samolus repens ), also known as Creeping Brookweed or Sea Primrose, is a variable, evergreen perennial herb Discover more about native grasses. It exhibits an upright to creeping growth habit, spreading via rhizomes or stolons, and can form dense mats. Its foliage consists of thick, somewhat fleshy, dark green leaves that can be oval, elliptic, spoon-shaped, or spatulate. The stems are often wrinkled or warty. Throughout summer, and sometimes extending from spring to autumn or even winter, Samolus repens produces small, white to pale pink flowers, typically 5-7 mm long. These flowers are followed by ovoid seed capsules. This plant is native to Australia, New Zealand, nearby Pacific islands, and South America, particularly in temperate and subtropic coastlines. It thrives in moderately fertile, moist or wet soil, preferably neutral to acidic, and requires full sun to semi-shade. Notably, it is highly tolerant of saline conditions, making it common in coastal environments, brackish saltmarsh verges, and coastal cliffs. It is also hardy to dry periods and moderate frost once established.
Quick Facts
| Scientific Name | Samolus repens |
|---|---|
| Height | 5-15 cm |
| Spread | Creeps extensively to form mats |
| Water Needs | High; tolerates waterlogging and salt water |
| Light | Full sun to partial shade |
| Frost Tolerance | Moderate to good |
| Salt Tolerance | Excellent - highly salt tolerant |
| Growth Rate | Moderate to fast spreading |
| Lifespan | Perennial with continuous growth |
Climate Best Suited to
Samolus repens is well adapted to various New Zealand regions.
Regional Suitability
| City | Climate Suitability |
|---|---|
| Auckland | High |
| Wellington | High |
| Christchurch | Medium |
Plant Habitat
Natural Occurrence and Ecology
Shore Pimpernel ( Samolus repens ), also known as creeping brookweed or creeping bushweed, is a variable, evergreen perennial herb native to Australia, New Zealand, nearby Pacific islands, and South America. In New Zealand, it is primarily found in the north-eastern part of the northern North Island, often on offshore islands.Coastal and Estuarine Environments:It is commonly found in temperate and subtropical coastlines, including swamps, salt marshes, floodplains, and coastal creeks. It thrives in moderately fertile, moist or wet soil, preferably neutral to acidic.Saline Conditions:Notably, it is highly tolerant of saline conditions, making it common in coastal environments, brackish saltmarsh verges, and coastal cliffs.Wetland and Upland:While typically a hydrophyte (water plant), it can occasionally be found in non-wetland uplands, showcasing its adaptability.Moist to Wet Soil:It requires consistently moist to wet soil and tolerates waterlogging and salt water.Light:It prefers full sun to semi-shade.Tolerance:It is hardy to dry periods and moderate frost once established.The Shore Pimpernel's ability to thrive in such diverse and often challenging coastal environments underscores its ecological importance in stabilizing coastal margins and providing habitat for shore birds and invertebrates.
Growing Requirements
Soil Requirements
Prefers well-draining soil rich in organic matter.
- Well-drained
- Loamy
Light Requirements
Grows best in partial to full sun.
- Full Sun
- Partial Shade
Water Requirements
Requires regular watering during dry periods.
- Regular
- Drought tolerant once established
Planting and Establishing
Establishment Guidance
Plant Samolus repens in a hole twice the width of the root ball.
Proper establishment is key to long-term success. Ensure the planting hole is twice as wide as the root ball and backfill with a mix of native soil and organic compost. Initial watering should be thorough, followed by regular monitoring during the first two growing seasons to ensure the plant becomes well-anchored and resilient to local climate fluctuations.
Ecological Role
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Impact
Provides habitat and food for native fauna.
This species plays a vital role in its local ecosystem, providing essential habitat and food sources for native biodiversity. Its presence supports complex ecological interactions, contributing to the overall health and stability of the environment. By planting this native, you help maintain the intricate web of life that defines New Zealand's unique natural heritage.
Uses & Significance
Garden Uses
Ideal for rock gardens and native borders.
- Rock gardens
- Ground cover
Ecological Value
Supports local pollinators.
- Birds
- Insects
The versatility of this plant makes it a valuable addition to many New Zealand gardens. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, it offers practical benefits such as soil stabilization and shelter for smaller plants. Its historical and modern uses highlight its enduring importance in both traditional practices and contemporary landscape design, making it a thoughtful choice for any restoration or gardening project.
Landscaping Uses
Adds texture and form to modern landscapes.
In a landscape setting, this plant provides excellent structure and year-round interest. Its unique form and foliage can be used to create focal points or as a cohesive element in a larger native planting scheme. It pairs well with other New Zealand natives, allowing for the creation of diverse and resilient garden environments that reflect the natural beauty of Aotearoa.
Seasonal Care Calendar
Spring
Mulch and apply balanced fertilizer.
- Fertilize
- Mulch
Summer
Water deeply during dry spells.
- Water
- Check for pests
Autumn
Tidy up any dead foliage.
- Prune lightly
- Plant new specimens
Winter
Protect from heavy frosts if necessary.
- Frost protection
When to Prune and How Much
Minimal pruning required to maintain shape.
- Remove dead branches
Always use clean, sharp tools.
Regular maintenance through careful pruning ensures the plant remains healthy and maintains its desired shape. Focus on removing dead or diseased wood to promote better air circulation and prevent the spread of pathogens. Proper pruning techniques help the plant direct its energy toward new growth, resulting in a more robust and aesthetically pleasing specimen in your garden.
How to Grow Shore Pimpernel
Cultivating Samolus repens ( Samolus repens ) is a rewarding endeavor for any gardener interested in New Zealand's unique flora. This species can be propagated through several methods, each requiring specific conditions to ensure healthy growth and establishment. Successful propagation depends on mimicking the plant's natural environment and providing consistent care during the early stages of development.
From Seed
Propagation from seed is often the most effective way to produce a large number of Samolus Repens plants. Seeds should be collected when they are fully mature. Freshly collected seeds generally have higher germination rates than those that have been stored for long periods.
Sow fresh seeds in a seed-raising mix.
- Collect seeds
- Sow in trays
Keep moist until germination.
From Cuttings
For those wishing to replicate specific characteristics of a parent plant, vegetative propagation via cuttings is the preferred method. This technique ensures that the new plants are genetically identical to the source. Semi-hardwood cuttings taken during the appropriate season usually yield the best results for this species.
Take semi-hardwood cuttings in late summer.
- Take cuttings
- Use rooting hormone
Additional Methods
Depending on the growth habit of Samolus repens , other methods such as division or layering might also be viable options. Division is particularly suitable for plants that form dense clumps or have spreading root systems, while layering can be used for species with trailing or flexible stems.
Division can be done in early spring.
- Divide clumps
- Replant immediately
Pests & Diseases
Generally resistant to major pests.
While generally resilient, maintaining optimal growing conditions is the best defense against pests and diseases. Regular monitoring allows for early detection of any issues, which can often be managed through cultural practices or organic interventions. Ensuring good air circulation and appropriate watering will significantly reduce the plant's susceptibility to common environmental stresses and pathogens.
Cultural Significance
Samolus repens , also known by common names such as Sea Primrose, Creeping Water-Pimpernel, and Shore Pimpernel, holds cultural significance primarily through its traditional uses and indigenous recognition. The plant has been recognized for its medicinal properties, with traditional applications for treating digestive issues and skin conditions. In New Zealand, the plant is known by the Māori name "Maakoako," indicating its recognition and integration into Māori culture and language. Beyond traditional uses, Samolus repens is valued as an ornamental plant in horticulture, often used in rock gardens, flower beds, and as ground cover. Its ecological role in stabilizing soil, suppressing weeds, and attracting pollinators also contributes to its perceived value in various communities. Its presence in coastal regions of Australia, New Zealand, Pacific islands, and South America suggests a history of interaction and utility within these diverse cultures.
- Traditional medicine
- Crafts
Bonus Tip
Excellent for low-maintenance gardens.
For an extra boost, consider applying a thin layer of high-quality organic mulch around the base of the plant. This helps retain soil moisture, suppresses weeds, and gradually improves soil structure as it breaks down. This simple step can make a significant difference in the plant's overall vigor and resilience, especially during periods of extreme weather.
Related Plants
Explore other native plants that share similar characteristics or habitats with Samolus repens ( Samolus repens ), offering further insights into New Zealand's diverse flora. These related species provide context and opportunities for complementary planting in your garden.
Plant Conservation
Conservation Status
Sea primrose ( Samolus repens ) remainsNot Threatened nationally and is widespread along salty shorelines, estuaries and seepages. Localised declines occur where vehicles, stock or earthworks damage salt‑marsh margins, and where weed invasion smothers open, muddy habitat. Conservation actions focus on fencing fragile shorelines, vehicle exclusion, and targeted weed control. In restoration plantings, eco‑sourced material and careful water‑level management quickly re‑establish low, flowering mats that stabilise saline substrates and support invertebrates.