Toetoe (Austroderia toetoe)

Native Grasses of New Zealand

Introduction

Overview

New Zealand native grasses are key components of natural and restored ecosystems, providing food and shelter for wildlife, stabilizing soil, and withstanding harsh conditions. Iconic species include Chionochloa rubra (Red Tussock), Austroderia toetoe (Toetoe), and Ficinia spiralis (Pāngao). These grasses are adapted to a range of environments, from alpine meadows to coastal dunes. They are valued in landscaping for their movement, texture, and ability to thrive with minimal maintenance, supporting biodiversity and erosion control. Essential species like Hard Tussock form the backbone of Canterbury and Otago's grasslands, while versatile grasses like Silver Tussock adapt from coastal cliffs to subalpine areas with their distinctive silvery coloration.

New Zealand's native grasses and grass-like plants include a diverse range of species from towering toetoe to compact sedges. These versatile plants add texture, movement, and year-round interest to gardens while providing important ecological functions. Many are drought-tolerant and low-maintenance once established, making them excellent choices for sustainable landscaping.

Dwarf Brown Sedge (Carex petriei)

Dwarf Brown Sedge

Carex petriei

Carex petriei is a tidy New Zealand sedge. Learn identification, habitat and cultivation for dry, sunny, free‑draining sites.

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Southern Snow Tussock (Chionochloa australis)

Southern Snow Tussock

Chionochloa australis

Endemic to northwest South Island, this unique carpet grass forms dense alpine mats instead of tall tussocks, with stems taking 10-15 years to mature.

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Yellow Snow Tussock (Chionochloa flavescens)

Yellow Snow Tussock

Chionochloa flavescens

Chionochloa flavescens is a fine New Zealand tussock. Learn identification, habitat and cultivation for sunny, free‑draining sites.

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Mid-Ribbed Snow Tussock (Chionochloa pallens)

Mid-Ribbed Snow Tussock

Chionochloa pallens

Stout metre-tall tussock with pale straw-coloured leaves dominates North Island alpine zones, featuring mid-ribbed blades and open panicles.

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Achnatherum Petriei Grass (Achnatherum petriei)

Achnatherum Petriei Grass

Achnatherum petriei

Achnatherum Petriei Grass (Achnatherum petriei) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Agrostis Magellanica Grass (Agrostis magellanica)

Agrostis Magellanica Grass

Agrostis magellanica

Agrostis Magellanica Grass (Agrostis magellanica) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Agrostis Muscosa Grass (Agrostis muscosa)

Agrostis Muscosa Grass

Agrostis muscosa

Agrostis Muscosa Grass (Agrostis muscosa) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Agrostis Subulata Grass (Agrostis subulata)

Agrostis Subulata Grass

Agrostis subulata

Agrostis Subulata Grass (Agrostis subulata) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Amphibromus Fluitans Grass (Amphibromus fluitans)

Amphibromus Fluitans Grass

Amphibromus fluitans

Amphibromus Fluitans Grass (Amphibromus fluitans) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Anthosachne Falcis Grass (Anthosachne falcis)

Anthosachne Falcis Grass

Anthosachne falcis

Anthosachne Falcis Grass (Anthosachne falcis) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Anthosachne Kingiana Grass (Anthosachne kingiana)

Anthosachne Kingiana Grass

Anthosachne kingiana

Anthosachne Kingiana Grass (Anthosachne kingiana) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Anthoxanthum Brunonis Grass (Anthoxanthum brunonis)

Anthoxanthum Brunonis Grass

Anthoxanthum brunonis

Anthoxanthum Brunonis Grass (Anthoxanthum brunonis) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Austrostipa Stipoides Grass (Austrostipa stipoides)

Austrostipa Stipoides Grass

Austrostipa stipoides

Austrostipa Stipoides Grass (Austrostipa stipoides) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Bromus Arenarius Grass (Bromus arenarius)

Bromus Arenarius Grass

Bromus arenarius

Bromus Arenarius Grass (Bromus arenarius) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Chionochloa Antarctica Grass (Chionochloa antarctica)

Chionochloa Antarctica Grass

Chionochloa antarctica

Chionochloa Antarctica Grass (Chionochloa antarctica) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Deschampsia Cespitosa Grass (Deschampsia cespitosa)

Deschampsia Cespitosa Grass

Deschampsia cespitosa

Deschampsia Cespitosa Grass (Deschampsia cespitosa) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Deschampsia Chapmanii Grass (Deschampsia chapmanii)

Deschampsia Chapmanii Grass

Deschampsia chapmanii

Deschampsia Chapmanii Grass (Deschampsia chapmanii) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Deschampsia Gracillima Grass (Deschampsia gracillima)

Deschampsia Gracillima Grass

Deschampsia gracillima

Deschampsia Gracillima Grass (Deschampsia gracillima) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Digitaria Setigera Grass (Digitaria setigera)

Digitaria Setigera Grass

Digitaria setigera

Digitaria Setigera Grass (Digitaria setigera) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Echinopogon Ovatus Grass (Echinopogon ovatus)

Echinopogon Ovatus Grass

Echinopogon ovatus

Echinopogon Ovatus Grass (Echinopogon ovatus) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Eragrostis Leptostachya Grass (Eragrostis leptostachya)

Eragrostis Leptostachya Grass

Eragrostis leptostachya

Eragrostis Leptostachya Grass (Eragrostis leptostachya) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Festuca Luciarum Grass (Festuca luciarum)

Festuca Luciarum Grass

Festuca luciarum

Festuca Luciarum Grass (Festuca luciarum) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Festuca Matthewsii Grass (Festuca matthewsii)

Festuca Matthewsii Grass

Festuca matthewsii

Festuca Matthewsii Grass (Festuca matthewsii) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Isachne Globosa Grass (Isachne globosa)

Isachne Globosa Grass

Isachne globosa

Isachne Globosa Grass (Isachne globosa) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Lachnagrostis Filiformis Grass (Lachnagrostis filiformis)

Lachnagrostis Filiformis Grass

Lachnagrostis filiformis

Lachnagrostis Filiformis Grass (Lachnagrostis filiformis) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Lachnagrostis Tenuis Grass (Lachnagrostis tenuis)

Lachnagrostis Tenuis Grass

Lachnagrostis tenuis

Lachnagrostis Tenuis Grass (Lachnagrostis tenuis) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Microlaena Stipoides Grass (Microlaena stipoides)

Microlaena Stipoides Grass

Microlaena stipoides

Microlaena Stipoides Grass (Microlaena stipoides) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Oplismenus Hirtellus Grass (Oplismenus hirtellus)

Oplismenus Hirtellus Grass

Oplismenus hirtellus

Oplismenus Hirtellus Grass (Oplismenus hirtellus) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Pentapogon Avenoides Grass (Pentapogon avenoides)

Pentapogon Avenoides Grass

Pentapogon avenoides

Pentapogon Avenoides Grass (Pentapogon avenoides) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Poa Acicularifolia Grass (Poa acicularifolia)

Poa Acicularifolia Grass

Poa acicularifolia

Poa Acicularifolia Grass (Poa acicularifolia) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Poa Litorosa Grass (Poa litorosa)

Poa Litorosa Grass

Poa litorosa

Poa Litorosa Grass (Poa litorosa) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Poa Subvestita Grass (Poa subvestita)

Poa Subvestita Grass

Poa subvestita

Poa Subvestita Grass (Poa subvestita) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Rytidosperma Clavatum Grass (Rytidosperma clavatum)

Rytidosperma Clavatum Grass

Rytidosperma clavatum

Rytidosperma Clavatum Grass (Rytidosperma clavatum) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Rytidosperma Gracile Grass (Rytidosperma gracile)

Rytidosperma Gracile Grass

Rytidosperma gracile

Rytidosperma Gracile Grass (Rytidosperma gracile) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Rytidosperma Setifolium Grass (Rytidosperma setifolium)

Rytidosperma Setifolium Grass

Rytidosperma setifolium

Rytidosperma Setifolium Grass (Rytidosperma setifolium) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Rytidosperma Tenue Grass (Rytidosperma tenue)

Rytidosperma Tenue Grass

Rytidosperma tenue

Rytidosperma Tenue Grass (Rytidosperma tenue) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Rytidosperma Unarede Grass (Rytidosperma unarede)

Rytidosperma Unarede Grass

Rytidosperma unarede

Rytidosperma Unarede Grass (Rytidosperma unarede) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Rytidosperma Viride Grass (Rytidosperma viride)

Rytidosperma Viride Grass

Rytidosperma viride

Rytidosperma Viride Grass (Rytidosperma viride) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Simplicia Felix Grass (Simplicia felix)

Simplicia Felix Grass

Simplicia felix

Simplicia Felix Grass (Simplicia felix) is a New Zealand native grass with a dedicated profile, image credit, and cultivation notes.

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Agrostis (Agrostis imbecilla)

Feeble Bent

Agrostis imbecilla

Feeble bent (Agrostis imbecilla) is a delicate, slender tufted grass endemic to New Zealand, usually 15 to 35 cm tall, with very fine, almost thread-like leaves and.

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Aston's Sedge (Carex astonii)

Aston's Sedge

Carex astonii

Aston's sedge ( Carex astonii ) is a small, reddish, tufted sedge endemic to the North Island of New Zealand, where it is known only from the Kaimanawa and Ruahine Ranges.

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Auckland Island Poa (Poa aucklandica subsp. aucklandica)

Auckland Island Poa

Poa aucklandica

Auckland Island poa (Poa aucklandica subsp. aucklandica) is a small, slender tufted grass with soft, narrow leaves up to about 16 cm long and flowering stems usually 6.5.

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Australopyrum (Australopyrum calcis subsp. calcis)

Limestone Wheatgrass

Australopyrum calcis

Limestone wheatgrass (Australopyrum calcis subsp. calcis) is a rare endemic New Zealand grass found only in the Leatham Valley of inland Marlborough, where fewer than.

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Australopyrum (Australopyrum calcis subsp. optatum)

Canterbury Limestone Wheat Grass

Australopyrum calcis

Canterbury limestone wheat grass (Australopyrum calcis subsp. optatum) is a slender, stoloniferous endemic grass found only on a handful of limestone outcrops in.

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Beddie's Tussock (Chionochloa beddiei)

Beddie's Tussock

Chionochloa beddiei

Beddie's tussock, or Cook Strait tussock (Chionochloa beddiei), is a small, shiny snow tussock found only on the southern coast of the North Island, from about the.

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Bog Rush (Schoenus fluitans)

Floating Schoenus

Schoenus fluitans

Floating schoenus ( Schoenus fluitans ) is a small sedge that grows either as a dense tuft or with its stems floating in shallow water, and is usually a striking dark red.

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Bolboschoenus (Bolboschoenus medianus)

Purua Grass

Bolboschoenus medianus

Purua grass ( Bolboschoenus medianus ) is a tall, summer-green native clubrush of saltmarshes and tidal river margins.

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Caldwell's Clubrush (Bolboschoenus caldwellii)

Caldwell's Clubrush

Bolboschoenus caldwellii

Caldwell's clubrush or purua grass ( Bolboschoenus caldwellii ) is a summer-green sedge of New Zealand saltmarshes.

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