About New Zealand Native Plants of Cultural Significance
Many New Zealand native plants hold deep cultural significance, especially for MÄori, who have used them for food, medicine, weaving, carving, and rituals for centuries. Notable examples include harakeke (Phormium tenax) for weaving, kawakawa (Piper excelsum) for medicinal use, and tōtara (Podocarpus totara) for carving waka (canoes). These plants are integral to traditional knowledge and practices, and their conservation is important for maintaining cultural heritage and biodiversity.
Hīnau
Elaeocarpus dentatus
Tall forest tree with culturally significant berries used for food by MÄori.
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Large-Leaved Toropapa
Alseuosmia macrophylla
Fragrant forest shrub noted in mÄtauranga MÄori; culturally valued for its distinctive properties.
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Harakeke
Phormium tenax
New Zealand flax, treasured for its strong fibers used in traditional MÄori weaving.
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Kōwhai
Sophora microphylla
Sacred tree with golden flowers, traditionally used for medicinal purposes.
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MÄnuka
Leptospermum scoparium
Valued for its antimicrobial properties and traditional medicinal uses.
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Kawakawa
Piper excelsum
Sacred taonga species central to rongoÄ (MÄori medicine) with proven anti-inflammatory properties.
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Tō«repo
Streblus heterophyllus
Small-leaved Milk Tree with distinctive leaf polymorphism, valued in traditional MÄori culture and lowland forest ecosystems.
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Raupō
Typha orientalis
Wetland plant traditionally used for building and food gathering.
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Bracken Fern
Pteridium esculentum
Bracken fern is a widespread native fern with edible rhizomes, traditionally used as a food source by MÄori.
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Renga Renga
Arthropodium cirratum
Complete guide to Renga Renga (Arthropodium cirratum), including cultivation tips and its traditional uses as both food and medicine in MÄori culture.
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Perching Lily
Astelia solandri
Complete guide to Perching Lily (Astelia solandri), including cultivation tips and its unique epiphytic lifestyle growing on trees and coastal cliffs.
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Native Broom
Carmichaelia australis
Guide to Native Broom (Carmichaelia australis): a leafless or sparsely-leaved nitrogen-fixing shrub with pea-flowers; habitat, cultivation, propag...
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Scented Broom
Carmichaelia odorata
Guide to Carmichaelia odorata (Scented broom): leafless native broom with fragrant pea-flowers; habitat, cultivation and propagation.
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Thin-Leaved Coprosma
Coprosma areolata
Complete guide to Thin-leaved Coprosma (Coprosma areolata), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance ...
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Coprosma Ciliata
Coprosma ciliata
Complete guide to Coprosma ciliata, including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in New Zealand.
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Broad-Leaved Coprosma
Coprosma dumosa
Complete guide to Broad-leaved Coprosma (Coprosma dumosa), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance i...
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Stinkwood
Coprosma foetidissima
Complete guide to Stinkwood (Coprosma foetidissima), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in New ...
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Kanono
Coprosma grandifolia
Complete guide to Kanono (Coprosma grandifolia), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in New Zeal...
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Small-Leaved Coprosma
Coprosma microcarpa
Complete guide to Small-leaved Coprosma (Coprosma microcarpa), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significan...
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Karamu
Coprosma robusta
Complete guide to Karamu (Coprosma robusta), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in New Zealand.
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Needle-Leaved Mountain Coprosma
Coprosma rugosa
Complete guide to Needle-leaved Mountain Coprosma (Coprosma rugosa), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural sign...
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Swamp Coprosma
Coprosma tenuicaulis
Complete guide to Swamp Coprosma (Coprosma tenuicaulis), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological significance for wetland gard...
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Toetoe
Cortaderia richardii
Complete guide to Toetoe (Cortaderia richardii), including botanical description, cultivation tips, and its important role in New Zealand's wetlan...
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North Island Toetoe
Austroderia toetoe
Complete guide to North Island Toetoe (Austroderia toetoe), including botanical description and its role as New Zealand's tallest native grass spec...
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Karaka
Corynocarpus laevigatus
Complete guide to Karaka (Corynocarpus laevigatus), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in New Z...
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Turutu
Dianella nigra
Complete guide to Turutu (Dianella nigra), including cultivation tips and its spectacular blue berries that provide food for native birds and tradi...
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Matagouri
Discaria toumatou
Complete guide to Matagouri (Discaria toumatou), a hardy, thorny shrub of New Zealand's drier regions - identification, cultivation, ecological rol...
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Inaka
Dracophyllum longifolium
Complete guide to Inaka (Dracophyllum longifolium), including care tips, propagation methods, and its cultural significance in New Zealand.
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Black Beech
Fuscospora solandri
Complete guide to the Black Beech (Fuscospora solandri), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in ...
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Hard Beech
Fuscospora truncata
Complete guide to the Hard Beech (Fuscospora truncata), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in N...
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Yellow Silver Pine
Lepidothamnus intermedius
Complete guide to the Yellow Silver Pine (Lepidothamnus intermedius), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural sig...
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Pygmy Pine
Lepidothamnus laxifolius
Complete guide to the Pygmy Pine (Lepidothamnus laxifolius), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance...
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Prickly Heath
Leptecophylla juniperina
Complete guide to Prickly Heath (Leptecophylla juniperina), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological significance in New Zealand.
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Large-Flowered New Zealand Iris
Libertia grandiflora
Complete guide to Large-flowered New Zealand Iris (Libertia grandiflora), including cultivation tips and its role in New Zealand's coastal and mont...
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Yellow-Seeded New Zealand Iris
Libertia ixioides
Complete guide to Yellow-seeded New Zealand Iris (Libertia ixioides), including cultivation tips and its widespread distribution throughout New Zea...
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Silver Beech
Lophozonia menziesii
Complete guide to the Silver Beech (Lophozonia menziesii), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance i...
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Wharangi
Melicope ternata
Complete guide to Wharangi (Melicope ternata), a glossy-leaved coastal shrub or small tree - identification, cultivation, propagation and ecologica...
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Narrow-Leaved MÄhoe
Melicytus lanceolatus
Complete guide to Narrow-leaved MÄhoe (Melicytus lanceolatus), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significan...
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Whiteywood
Melicytus ramiflorus
Complete guide to Whiteywood (Melicytus ramiflorus), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in New ...
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Red MÄtipo
Myrsine australis
Complete guide to Red MÄtipo (Myrsine australis), a hardy native shrub with distinctive red twigs, undulating leaves, and sacred cultural significa...
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Tanguru
Olearia albida
Complete guide to Tanguru (Olearia albida), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological significance in New Zealand coastal gardens.
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Tree Daisy
Olearia arborescens
Complete guide to Tree Daisy (Olearia arborescens), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in New Z...
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Mountain Akeake
Olearia avicenniifolia
Complete guide to Mountain Akeake (Olearia avicenniifolia), a hardy native tree daisy perfect for shelter and challenging sites with white fragrant...
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Hakeke
Olearia ilicifolia
Complete guide to Hakeke (Olearia ilicifolia), also known as Mountain Holly, a hardy native tree daisy with distinctive spiny leaves and musky whit...
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Akiraho
Olearia paniculata
Complete guide to Akiraho (Olearia paniculata), a versatile, fragrant tree daisy valued for shelter and hedging, with creamy flower panicles and leathery, wavy leaves.
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Kaikōmako
Pennantia corymbosa
Complete guide to Kaikōmako (Pennantia corymbosa), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in New Ze...
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Mountain Toatoa
Phyllocladus alpinus
Complete guide to the Mountain Toatoa (Phyllocladus alpinus), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significanc...
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TÄnekaha
Phyllocladus trichomanoides
Complete guide to TÄnekaha (Phyllocladus trichomanoides), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in...
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Strathmore Weed
Pimelea prostrata
Guide to Pimelea prostrata - a low, mat-forming shrub with white flowers and white berries; identification, cultivation, and propagation.
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Hall's Tōtara
Podocarpus hallii
Complete guide to Hall's Tōtara (Podocarpus hallii), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in New ...
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Mountain Tōtara
Podocarpus laetus
Complete guide to the Mountain Tōtara (Podocarpus laetus), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance i...
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Alpine Tōtara
Podocarpus nivalis
Complete guide to the Alpine Tōtara (Podocarpus nivalis), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in...
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Pate
Schefflera digitata
Complete guide to Pate (Schefflera digitata), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in New Zealand.
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KÄmahi
Weinmannia racemosa
Complete guide to KÄmahi (Weinmannia racemosa), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in New Zealand.
Learn moreCultural Context
Cultural Importance
This collection highlights some of the most culturally significant native plants of New Zealand, exploring their traditional uses, cultural importance, and their place in contemporary society. Many of these species also face conservation challenges, making their preservation important not only for biodiversity but for cultural heritage as well.
RongoÄ MÄori: Traditional Medicine
RongoÄ MÄori is the traditional healing system of MÄori, utilizing native plants for physical, spiritual, and emotional healing. This holistic approach combines plant remedies with spiritual practices, acknowledging the connection between health and the wider natural and spiritual world.
Many of the plants featured in this collection play important roles in rongoÄ practices, with knowledge traditionally passed down through generations. While some of these practices continue today, much traditional knowledge was lost during colonization. Current efforts to document, preserve, and revitalize this knowledge are important for both cultural continuity and potential contributions to modern medicine.
Important Note on Cultural Knowledge
The information provided here offers general context about cultural significance but does not provide detailed instructions for traditional uses, particularly medicinal applications. Many plants have specific harvest protocols, preparation methods, and cultural considerations that should be learned through appropriate cultural channels. We encourage readers to respect the cultural context of this knowledge and seek guidance from knowledgeable practitioners when appropriate.
Raranga (Weaving)
Plants like harakeke (flax), kiekie, and pÄ«ngao are essential materials in traditional MÄori weaving, used to create clothing, baskets, mats, and other practical and ceremonial items.
Construction & Tools
Native plants provided materials for building waka (canoes), whare (houses), and creating tools. Each species was carefully selected for its specific properties and cultural significance.