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Native Cultural Plants

Discover the taonga (treasured) species of Aotearoa New Zealand - plants that have profound cultural significance in rongoā (traditional medicine), raranga (weaving), construction, and ceremony.

About New Zealand Native Plants of Cultural Significance

Many New Zealand native plants hold deep cultural significance, especially for Māori, who have used them for food, medicine, weaving, carving, and rituals for centuries. Notable examples include harakeke (Phormium tenax) for weaving, kawakawa (Piper excelsum) for medicinal use, and tōtara (Podocarpus totara) for carving waka (canoes). These plants are integral to traditional knowledge and practices, and their conservation is important for maintaining cultural heritage and biodiversity.

Hīnau (Elaeocarpus dentatus)

Hīnau

Elaeocarpus dentatus

Tall forest tree with culturally significant berries used for food by Māori.

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Large-leaved Toropapa (Alseuosmia macrophylla)

Large-Leaved Toropapa

Alseuosmia macrophylla

Fragrant forest shrub noted in mātauranga Māori; culturally valued for its distinctive properties.

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Harakeke (Phormium tenax)

Harakeke

Phormium tenax

New Zealand flax, treasured for its strong fibers used in traditional Māori weaving.

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Kōwhai (Sophora microphylla)

Kōwhai

Sophora microphylla

Sacred tree with golden flowers, traditionally used for medicinal purposes.

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Mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium)

Mānuka

Leptospermum scoparium

Valued for its antimicrobial properties and traditional medicinal uses.

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Kawakawa (Piper excelsum)

Kawakawa

Piper excelsum

Sacred taonga species central to rongoā (Māori medicine) with proven anti-inflammatory properties.

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Tō«repo (Streblus heterophyllus)

Tō«repo

Streblus heterophyllus

Small-leaved Milk Tree with distinctive leaf polymorphism, valued in traditional Māori culture and lowland forest ecosystems.

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Pō«rei (Carex secta)

Pō«rei

Carex secta

Important sedge used in traditional weaving and construction.

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Raupō (Typha orientalis)

Raupō

Typha orientalis

Wetland plant traditionally used for building and food gathering.

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Kuta (Eleocharis sphacelata)

Kuta

Eleocharis sphacelata

Valued wetland plant used in traditional Māori weaving.

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Bracken Fern (Rāhu)

Bracken Fern

Pteridium esculentum

Bracken fern is a widespread native fern with edible rhizomes, traditionally used as a food source by Māori.

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Renga Renga (Arthropodium cirratum)

Renga Renga

Arthropodium cirratum

Complete guide to Renga Renga (Arthropodium cirratum), including cultivation tips and its traditional uses as both food and medicine in Māori culture.

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Perching Lily (Astelia solandri)

Perching Lily

Astelia solandri

Complete guide to Perching Lily (Astelia solandri), including cultivation tips and its unique epiphytic lifestyle growing on trees and coastal cliffs.

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Native Broom (Carmichaelia australis)

Native Broom

Carmichaelia australis

Guide to Native Broom (Carmichaelia australis): a leafless or sparsely-leaved nitrogen-fixing shrub with pea-flowers; habitat, cultivation, propag...

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Scented Broom (Carmichaelia odorata)

Scented Broom

Carmichaelia odorata

Guide to Carmichaelia odorata (Scented broom): leafless native broom with fragrant pea-flowers; habitat, cultivation and propagation.

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Thin-Leaved Coprosma (Coprosma areolata)

Thin-Leaved Coprosma

Coprosma areolata

Complete guide to Thin-leaved Coprosma (Coprosma areolata), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance ...

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Coprosma Ciliata (Coprosma ciliata)

Coprosma Ciliata

Coprosma ciliata

Complete guide to Coprosma ciliata, including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in New Zealand.

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Broad-Leaved Coprosma (Coprosma dumosa)

Broad-Leaved Coprosma

Coprosma dumosa

Complete guide to Broad-leaved Coprosma (Coprosma dumosa), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance i...

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Stinkwood (Coprosma foetidissima)

Stinkwood

Coprosma foetidissima

Complete guide to Stinkwood (Coprosma foetidissima), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in New ...

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Kanono (Coprosma grandifolia)

Kanono

Coprosma grandifolia

Complete guide to Kanono (Coprosma grandifolia), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in New Zeal...

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Small-Leaved Coprosma (Coprosma microcarpa)

Small-Leaved Coprosma

Coprosma microcarpa

Complete guide to Small-leaved Coprosma (Coprosma microcarpa), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significan...

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Karamu (Coprosma robusta)

Karamu

Coprosma robusta

Complete guide to Karamu (Coprosma robusta), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in New Zealand.

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Needle-Leaved Mountain Coprosma (Coprosma rugosa)

Needle-Leaved Mountain Coprosma

Coprosma rugosa

Complete guide to Needle-leaved Mountain Coprosma (Coprosma rugosa), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural sign...

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Swamp Coprosma (Coprosma tenuicaulis)

Swamp Coprosma

Coprosma tenuicaulis

Complete guide to Swamp Coprosma (Coprosma tenuicaulis), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological significance for wetland gard...

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Toetoe (Cortaderia fulvida)

Toetoe

Cortaderia richardii

Complete guide to Toetoe (Cortaderia richardii), including botanical description, cultivation tips, and its important role in New Zealand's wetlan...

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North Island Toetoe (Austroderia toetoe)

North Island Toetoe

Austroderia toetoe

Complete guide to North Island Toetoe (Austroderia toetoe), including botanical description and its role as New Zealand's tallest native grass spec...

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Karaka (Corynocarpus laevigatus)

Karaka

Corynocarpus laevigatus

Complete guide to Karaka (Corynocarpus laevigatus), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in New Z...

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Turutu (Dianella nigra)

Turutu

Dianella nigra

Complete guide to Turutu (Dianella nigra), including cultivation tips and its spectacular blue berries that provide food for native birds and tradi...

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Matagouri (Discaria toumatou)

Matagouri

Discaria toumatou

Complete guide to Matagouri (Discaria toumatou), a hardy, thorny shrub of New Zealand's drier regions - identification, cultivation, ecological rol...

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Inaka (Dracophyllum longifolium)

Inaka

Dracophyllum longifolium

Complete guide to Inaka (Dracophyllum longifolium), including care tips, propagation methods, and its cultural significance in New Zealand.

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Black Beech (Fuscospora solandri)

Black Beech

Fuscospora solandri

Complete guide to the Black Beech (Fuscospora solandri), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in ...

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Hard Beech (Fuscospora truncata)

Hard Beech

Fuscospora truncata

Complete guide to the Hard Beech (Fuscospora truncata), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in N...

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Yellow Silver Pine (Lepidothamnus intermedius)

Yellow Silver Pine

Lepidothamnus intermedius

Complete guide to the Yellow Silver Pine (Lepidothamnus intermedius), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural sig...

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Pygmy Pine (Lepidothamnus laxifolius)

Pygmy Pine

Lepidothamnus laxifolius

Complete guide to the Pygmy Pine (Lepidothamnus laxifolius), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance...

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Prickly Heath (Leptecophylla juniperina)

Prickly Heath

Leptecophylla juniperina

Complete guide to Prickly Heath (Leptecophylla juniperina), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological significance in New Zealand.

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Large-Flowered New Zealand Iris (Libertia grandiflora)

Large-Flowered New Zealand Iris

Libertia grandiflora

Complete guide to Large-flowered New Zealand Iris (Libertia grandiflora), including cultivation tips and its role in New Zealand's coastal and mont...

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Yellow-Seeded New Zealand Iris (Libertia ixioides)

Yellow-Seeded New Zealand Iris

Libertia ixioides

Complete guide to Yellow-seeded New Zealand Iris (Libertia ixioides), including cultivation tips and its widespread distribution throughout New Zea...

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Silver Beech (Lophozonia menziesii)

Silver Beech

Lophozonia menziesii

Complete guide to the Silver Beech (Lophozonia menziesii), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance i...

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Wharangi (Melicope ternata)

Wharangi

Melicope ternata

Complete guide to Wharangi (Melicope ternata), a glossy-leaved coastal shrub or small tree - identification, cultivation, propagation and ecologica...

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Narrow-Leaved Māhoe (Melicytus lanceolatus)

Narrow-Leaved Māhoe

Melicytus lanceolatus

Complete guide to Narrow-leaved Māhoe (Melicytus lanceolatus), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significan...

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Whiteywood (Melicytus ramiflorus)

Whiteywood

Melicytus ramiflorus

Complete guide to Whiteywood (Melicytus ramiflorus), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in New ...

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Red Mātipo (Myrsine australis)

Red Mātipo

Myrsine australis

Complete guide to Red Mātipo (Myrsine australis), a hardy native shrub with distinctive red twigs, undulating leaves, and sacred cultural significa...

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Tanguru (Olearia albida)

Tanguru

Olearia albida

Complete guide to Tanguru (Olearia albida), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological significance in New Zealand coastal gardens.

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Tree Daisy (Olearia arborescens)

Tree Daisy

Olearia arborescens

Complete guide to Tree Daisy (Olearia arborescens), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in New Z...

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Mountain Akeake (Olearia avicenniifolia)

Mountain Akeake

Olearia avicenniifolia

Complete guide to Mountain Akeake (Olearia avicenniifolia), a hardy native tree daisy perfect for shelter and challenging sites with white fragrant...

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Hakeke (Olearia ilicifolia)

Hakeke

Olearia ilicifolia

Complete guide to Hakeke (Olearia ilicifolia), also known as Mountain Holly, a hardy native tree daisy with distinctive spiny leaves and musky whit...

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Akiraho (Olearia paniculata)

Akiraho

Olearia paniculata

Complete guide to Akiraho (Olearia paniculata), a versatile, fragrant tree daisy valued for shelter and hedging, with creamy flower panicles and leathery, wavy leaves.

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Kaikōmako (Pennantia corymbosa)

Kaikōmako

Pennantia corymbosa

Complete guide to Kaikōmako (Pennantia corymbosa), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in New Ze...

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Mountain Toatoa (Phyllocladus alpinus)

Mountain Toatoa

Phyllocladus alpinus

Complete guide to the Mountain Toatoa (Phyllocladus alpinus), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significanc...

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Tānekaha (Phyllocladus trichomanoides)

Tānekaha

Phyllocladus trichomanoides

Complete guide to Tānekaha (Phyllocladus trichomanoides), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in...

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Strathmore Weed (Pimelea prostrata)

Strathmore Weed

Pimelea prostrata

Guide to Pimelea prostrata - a low, mat-forming shrub with white flowers and white berries; identification, cultivation, and propagation.

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Hall's Tōtara (Podocarpus hallii)

Hall's Tōtara

Podocarpus hallii

Complete guide to Hall's Tōtara (Podocarpus hallii), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in New ...

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Mountain Tōtara (Podocarpus laetus)

Mountain Tōtara

Podocarpus laetus

Complete guide to the Mountain Tōtara (Podocarpus laetus), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance i...

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Alpine Tōtara (Podocarpus nivalis)

Alpine Tōtara

Podocarpus nivalis

Complete guide to the Alpine Tōtara (Podocarpus nivalis), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in...

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Pate (Schefflera digitata)

Pate

Schefflera digitata

Complete guide to Pate (Schefflera digitata), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in New Zealand.

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Kāmahi (Weinmannia racemosa)

Kāmahi

Weinmannia racemosa

Complete guide to Kāmahi (Weinmannia racemosa), including care tips, propagation methods, and its ecological and cultural significance in New Zealand.

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Cultural Context

Cultural Importance

This collection highlights some of the most culturally significant native plants of New Zealand, exploring their traditional uses, cultural importance, and their place in contemporary society. Many of these species also face conservation challenges, making their preservation important not only for biodiversity but for cultural heritage as well.

Rongoā Māori: Traditional Medicine

Rongoā Māori is the traditional healing system of Māori, utilizing native plants for physical, spiritual, and emotional healing. This holistic approach combines plant remedies with spiritual practices, acknowledging the connection between health and the wider natural and spiritual world.

Many of the plants featured in this collection play important roles in rongoā practices, with knowledge traditionally passed down through generations. While some of these practices continue today, much traditional knowledge was lost during colonization. Current efforts to document, preserve, and revitalize this knowledge are important for both cultural continuity and potential contributions to modern medicine.

Important Note on Cultural Knowledge

The information provided here offers general context about cultural significance but does not provide detailed instructions for traditional uses, particularly medicinal applications. Many plants have specific harvest protocols, preparation methods, and cultural considerations that should be learned through appropriate cultural channels. We encourage readers to respect the cultural context of this knowledge and seek guidance from knowledgeable practitioners when appropriate.

Raranga (Weaving)

Plants like harakeke (flax), kiekie, and pīngao are essential materials in traditional Māori weaving, used to create clothing, baskets, mats, and other practical and ceremonial items.

Construction & Tools

Native plants provided materials for building waka (canoes), whare (houses), and creating tools. Each species was carefully selected for its specific properties and cultural significance.