Typha orientalis
Typha orientalis
Typha orientalis, also known as raupō, is a tall wetland plant native to New Zealand. It is recognized for its distinctive brown flower spikes and its importance in traditional Māori culture for weaving and food. native trees
Image credit: Raupō (Typha orientalis) – Photo via Wikipedia
Species Details
- Common Name: Raupō
- Scientific Name: Typha orientalis
- Family: Typhaceae
- Height: Up to 3 meters
- Habitat: Wetlands, ponds, and slow-moving water
Quick Facts
| Scientific Name | Typha orientalis |
|---|---|
| Height | Up to 3 meters (10 ft) |
| Spread | Spreads via rhizomes; forms dense clumps |
| Water Needs | Very high; requires wet or waterlogged soil |
| Light | Full sun to partial shade |
| Frost Tolerance | Moderate; tolerates light to moderate frost |
| Salt Tolerance | Low; prefers freshwater wetlands |
| Growth Rate | Fast; can quickly colonize suitable wetland areas |
| Lifespan | Perennial; long-lived in stable wetland habitats |
Climate Suitability
| City | Suitability |
|---|---|
| Whangārei | Excellent |
| Auckland | Excellent |
| Hamilton | Excellent |
| Tauranga | Excellent |
| Rotorua | Excellent |
| Gisborne | Excellent |
| New Plymouth | Excellent |
| Napier | Excellent |
| Whanganui | Excellent |
| Palmerston North | Excellent |
| Wellington | Excellent |
| Nelson | Good |
| Christchurch | Good |
| Dunedin | Fair |
| Invercargill | Fair |
Growing
Soil
Thrives in wet, boggy soils or shallow water. Tolerates a range of soil types if kept moist.
Light
Prefers full sun but tolerates partial shade.
Water
Requires consistently wet conditions. Water regularly if grown in garden ponds.
Uses
- Essential for wetland restoration and water filtration
- Traditional Māori uses include weaving, food, and construction
- Provides habitat for birds and aquatic life
- Ornamental plant for ponds and water gardens
Seasonal Care
Spring
- Remove old stems and encourage new growth
Summer
- Water as needed; monitor for rapid spread
Autumn
- Cut back dead foliage
Winter
- Minimal care required; protect from severe frost if in containers
Pruning
- Cut back old stems in late autumn or early spring
- Thin out dense clumps to control spread
Planting Guide
- Choose a sunny or partially shaded site with wet, boggy soil or shallow water
- Dig a hole large enough for the root ball or rhizome
- Plant at the same depth as in the nursery container
- Water well and keep soil saturated
Propagation
- Seed: Sow fresh seed in wet, muddy substrate; keep constantly moist
- Division: Divide rhizomes in spring or autumn; replant divisions promptly
Cultural History
Typha orientalis is known as "raupō" in te reo Māori. It was an important resource for Māori, used for weaving mats, thatching, food, and construction. Raupō features in traditional stories and is significant in wetland management and restoration.
Cultural Significance
Raupō was used for weaving mats, thatching wharenui (meeting houses), and as a food source. Its presence in wetlands is a sign of a healthy ecosystem and is celebrated in Māori proverbs and stories.
Pests & Diseases
- Generally hardy, but can be affected by aphids and fungal diseases in stagnant water
- Root rot possible in poorly aerated soils
- Monitor for signs of disease and treat promptly
Bonus Tip
Grow raupō in a lined pond or container to control its spread. Regularly thin out rhizomes to prevent overcrowding and maintain healthy growth.
