Coprosma grandifolia
Kanono is an impressive evergreen shrub or small tree reaching 4-8 meters tall, notable for having the largest leaves of any Coprosma species - up to 12cm long with prominent veining and a distinctive glossy texture. This robust species produces masses of bright orange to red berries that create spectacular autumn and winter displays. Found in lowland and coastal forests throughout New Zealand, it forms dense thickets that provide excellent wildlife habitat. The combination of large attractive foliage and abundant berries makes it one of the most garden-worthy among New Zealand's native shrubs
Image credit: Kanono (Coprosma grandifolia). Wikipedia
| Scientific Name | Coprosma grandifolia |
|---|---|
| Height | 4-8 meters |
| Spread | 3-5 meters |
| Water Needs | Moderate |
| Light | Full sun to partial shade |
| Frost Tolerance | Moderate (hardy to -8°C) |
| Salt Tolerance | Moderate (coastal tolerant) |
| Growth Rate | Moderate |
| Lifespan | 60-120 years |
Kanono grows throughout New Zealand from sea level to 800 meters elevation in lowland and coastal forests. It thrives in temperate climates with moderate to high rainfall and performs best in areas with mild temperatures and good humidity. This species is well-adapted to New Zealand's oceanic climate conditions.
| City | Climate Suitability |
|---|---|
| Whangārei | Ideal |
| Auckland | Ideal |
| Hamilton | Ideal |
| Tauranga | Ideal |
| Rotorua | Ideal |
| Gisborne | Ideal |
| New Plymouth | Ideal |
| Napier | Ideal |
| Whanganui | Ideal |
| Palmerston North | Ideal |
| Wellington | Ideal |
| Nelson | Ideal |
| Christchurch | Ideal |
| Dunedin | Ideal |
| Invercargill | Moderate |
Kanono adapts well to various soil types:
Kanono performs well in various light conditions:
Kanono has moderate water requirements:
Kanono tolerates pruning well and can be shaped as needed:
Use sharp, clean tools and be careful of the large leaves when pruning. Kanono's robust nature makes it very tolerant of pruning mistakes.
Plant Kanono from spring through autumn when soil conditions are suitable. This hardy species establishes readily and tolerates a wide range of planting conditions.
Choose a site with:
Provide moderate watering during first 1-2 years until established. Kanono is relatively easy to establish and requires minimal ongoing maintenance.
Kanono propagates readily from the colorful berries:
Remember that Coprosma species are dioecious - you'll need both male and female plants for berry production.
Vegetative propagation is highly successful:
Kanono often establishes naturally through bird dispersal:
Kanono has served as an important resource in New Zealand's cultural landscape, valued for its robust nature and abundant wildlife benefits:
Today, Kanono is a key species in habitat restoration and native gardens. Its combination of hardiness, rapid establishment, and exceptional wildlife value makes it essential for creating functional native ecosystems in both rural and urban environments.
Kanono's robust growth means it typically recovers well from most pest and disease issues. Its hardiness makes it one of the more resilient Coprosma species.
Plant both male and female Kanono plants to ensure maximum berry production - the large, glossy leaves and masses of bright orange berries create one of the most spectacular wildlife feeding displays among native plants. Position where you can observe the constant activity of tui, bellbirds, and other natives feeding, especially during winter months when the persistent berries provide crucial food resources.
Kanono (Coprosma grandifolia) is part of a highly diverse genus of native New Zealand shrubs and small trees, with many species offering unique characteristics and ecological roles. Exploring other Coprosma varieties can reveal a fascinating range of foliage types, growth habits, and berry colors, many of which share similar preferences for well-drained soils and varying light conditions. Consider other robust species like *Coprosma robusta* or *Coprosma lucida* for larger gardens, or smaller, more delicate forms for rockeries and containers, all contributing to the rich tapestry of New Zealand's native flora.
Learn more about the cultural significance of native shrubs in Cultural Plants.
Coprosma grandifolia (raurekau; kanono) is a handsome shrub to small tree with broad, soft, light‑green leaves and clusters of orange berries. The foliage provides lush contrast in native plantings.
Moist forest margins, gullies, and riparian edges where soils are free‑draining yet retain moisture. Prefers dappled light to part sun.
Provides nectar and pollen to insects and abundant fruit to birds. The generous leaf area creates cool understorey microclimates that support invertebrates.
Rapidly builds mid‑storey structure in restoration, shading weeds and increasing habitat complexity while supplying key seasonal food resources.
Mulch 5–8 cm; water well through the first summer. Minimal feeding required. Prune to lift skirts or shape as needed after fruiting.
Remove dead or rubbing branches; tip‑prune to encourage bushy form. Maintain mulch; irrigate during extended dry periods.
Excellent for lush texture in sheltered borders and near water features. Pairs with tree ferns, karo, and flaxes for layered, evergreen planting.
Not Threatened. In restoration, eco‑source plants and manage weeds until canopy closes to support natural recruitment and bird foraging.
This plant has cultural associations in Aotearoa and is valued in restoration and gardens for ecological services; use eco‑sourced stock near natural areas.
Coprosma species held important cultural significance for Māori, with the orange berries of larger species like karamū (C. robusta) eaten by children as a traditional food source. Kanono (C. grandifolia) was particularly valued for its bark, which provided a vibrant orange dye used in traditional crafts and ceremonial items. These versatile shrubs were integrated into daily life, providing both sustenance and materials for cultural practices.
