<i>Streblus heterophyllus</i>(Streblus heterophyllus) hero image

Tūrepo

Streblus heterophyllus

Not specified

This native plant, known as Tūrepo (scientific name: Streblus heterophyllus ), is a remarkable species endemic to New Zealand. It is characterized by its unique features, ecological role, and cultural significance. This comprehensive guide provides detailed information on its care, propagation, and importance within the New Zealand ecosystem. Understanding this plant contributes to the appreciation of our rich biodiversity and heritage, and supports conservation efforts for Browse All .

<i>Streblus heterophyllus</i>(Streblus heterophyllus) showing <i>Streblus heterophyllus</i>growth habit
Image credit: Tūrepo ( Streblus heterophyllus ) - Photo via Wikipedia

Plant Description

Identification and Physical Characteristics

Tūrepo ( Streblus heterophyllus ), also known as Variable-leaved Streblus, Heterophyllous false mastic, Heterophyllous mastic, small-leaved milk tree, is a species of flowering plant in the Moraceae family Discover more about native shrubs. This plant is native to tropical Asia and New Zealand. In New Zealand, it is an endemic species found in lowland forests throughout the North and South Islands. It is typically a small tree or erect shrub, growing up to 5 meters in height, but can reach up to 12 meters in lowland forest conditions. Juvenile plants often have slender, interlaced, divaricating branches with lobed leaves. Mature plants feature small, oval, toothed, glossy, leathery leaves with serrated edges. The flowers are small, white, star-shaped, and inconspicuous, borne on short erect spikes. It produces small, black, round seeds and red berries from late spring to autumn.

Quick Facts

Streblus heterophyllus quick facts
Scientific Name Streblus heterophyllus
Height 6-15 m
Spread ~4 m
Water Needs Moderate
Light Full sun to part shade
Frost Tolerance High
Salt Tolerance Moderate
Growth Rate Medium
Lifespan Long

Climate Best Suited to

Streblus heterophyllus is well adapted to various New Zealand regions.

Regional Suitability

City suitability for Streblus heterophyllus
City Climate Suitability
Auckland High
Wellington High
Christchurch Medium

Plant Habitat

Natural Occurrence and Ecology

Tūrepo ( Streblus heterophyllus ), also known as the small-leaved milk tree, is a versatile species endemic to New Zealand. It is widespread across both the North and South Islands, though it is not present on Stewart Island.Lowland Forests and Forest Margins:It is typically found in lowland forests and forest margins, including damp lowland forest environments.Adaptability:This species is highly adaptable, thriving in well-drained soils and tolerating a range of light conditions from full sun to partial shade.Soil:Tūrepo is adaptable to a range of soil conditions, but thrives in well-drained environments. It can tolerate both damp and well-drained soils, making it quite versatile. Good drainage is important to prevent root rot, especially for young plants.Light:It prefers full sun for optimal growth and vigor, but it also exhibits good tolerance to partial sun or partial shade. It can even grow in shaded environments, making it a versatile choice for various garden aspects.Climate:Its natural habitat suggests a good tolerance for various New Zealand climates, including frost.The presence of Streblus heterophyllus in these diverse habitats underscores its ecological importance in contributing to the biodiversity and structural complexity of New Zealand's native forests.

Growing Requirements

Soil Requirements

Prefers well-draining soil rich in organic matter.

  • Well-drained
  • Loamy

Light Requirements

Grows best in partial to full sun.

  • Full Sun
  • Partial Shade

Water Requirements

Requires regular watering during dry periods.

  • Regular
  • Drought tolerant once established

Planting and Establishing

Establishment Guidance

Plant Streblus heterophyllus in a hole twice the width of the root ball.

Proper establishment is key to long-term success. Ensure the planting hole is twice as wide as the root ball and backfill with a mix of native soil and organic compost. Initial watering should be thorough, followed by regular monitoring during the first two growing seasons to ensure the plant becomes well-anchored and resilient to local climate fluctuations.

Ecological Role

Biodiversity and Ecosystem Impact

Provides habitat and food for native fauna.

This species plays a vital role in its local ecosystem, providing essential habitat and food sources for native biodiversity. Its presence supports complex ecological interactions, contributing to the overall health and stability of the environment. By planting this native, you help maintain the intricate web of life that defines New Zealand's unique natural heritage.

Uses & Significance

Garden Uses

Ideal for rock gardens and native borders.

  • Rock gardens
  • Ground cover

Ecological Value

Supports local pollinators.

  • Birds
  • Insects

The versatility of this plant makes it a valuable addition to many New Zealand gardens. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, it offers practical benefits such as soil stabilization and shelter for smaller plants. Its historical and modern uses highlight its enduring importance in both traditional practices and contemporary landscape design, making it a thoughtful choice for any restoration or gardening project.

Landscaping Uses

Adds texture and form to modern landscapes.

In a landscape setting, this plant provides excellent structure and year-round interest. Its unique form and foliage can be used to create focal points or as a cohesive element in a larger native planting scheme. It pairs well with other New Zealand natives, allowing for the creation of diverse and resilient garden environments that reflect the natural beauty of Aotearoa.

Seasonal Care Calendar

Spring

Mulch and apply balanced fertilizer.

  • Fertilize
  • Mulch

Summer

Water deeply during dry spells.

  • Water
  • Check for pests

Autumn

Tidy up any dead foliage.

  • Prune lightly
  • Plant new specimens

Winter

Protect from heavy frosts if necessary.

  • Frost protection

When to Prune and How Much

Minimal pruning required to maintain shape.

  • Remove dead branches

Always use clean, sharp tools.

Regular maintenance through careful pruning ensures the plant remains healthy and maintains its desired shape. Focus on removing dead or diseased wood to promote better air circulation and prevent the spread of pathogens. Proper pruning techniques help the plant direct its energy toward new growth, resulting in a more robust and aesthetically pleasing specimen in your garden.

How to Grow Tūrepo

Cultivating Streblus heterophyllus ( Streblus heterophyllus ) is a rewarding endeavor for any gardener interested in New Zealand's unique flora. This species can be propagated through several methods, each requiring specific conditions to ensure healthy growth and establishment. Successful propagation depends on mimicking the plant's natural environment and providing consistent care during the early stages of development.

From Seed

Propagation from seed is often the most effective way to produce a large number of Streblus Heterophyllus plants. Seeds should be collected when they are fully mature. Freshly collected seeds generally have higher germination rates than those that have been stored for long periods.

Sow fresh seeds in a seed-raising mix.

  1. Collect seeds
  2. Sow in trays

Keep moist until germination.

From Cuttings

For those wishing to replicate specific characteristics of a parent plant, vegetative propagation via cuttings is the preferred method. This technique ensures that the new plants are genetically identical to the source. Semi-hardwood cuttings taken during the appropriate season usually yield the best results for this species.

Take semi-hardwood cuttings in late summer.

  1. Take cuttings
  2. Use rooting hormone

Additional Methods

Depending on the growth habit of Streblus heterophyllus , other methods such as division or layering might also be viable options. Division is particularly suitable for plants that form dense clumps or have spreading root systems, while layering can be used for species with trailing or flexible stems.

Division can be done in early spring.

  1. Divide clumps
  2. Replant immediately

Pests & Diseases

Generally resistant to major pests.

While generally resilient, maintaining optimal growing conditions is the best defense against pests and diseases. Regular monitoring allows for early detection of any issues, which can often be managed through cultural practices or organic interventions. Ensuring good air circulation and appropriate watering will significantly reduce the plant's susceptibility to common environmental stresses and pathogens.

Cultural Significance

Streblus heterophyllus , commonly known as the small-leaved milk tree or tūrepo, holds cultural significance primarily in New Zealand. Its Māori names include tūrepo and karakariki, with karakariki meaning "little karaka," possibly referencing the Planchonella genus. Historically, early European settlers in New Zealand utilized the milky sap exuded from the bark of Streblus heterophyllus as a substitute for milk in tea, which led to its common English name, "milk tree." Beyond its historical use as a milk substitute, the tree is valued for its dense wood and durable timber, which are used in construction and woodworking. Its edible fruits also serve as a food source for birds. Additionally, Streblus heterophyllus is cultivated as an ornamental plant in gardens and parks. It belongs to the Moraceae family, which is known for plants containing a milky latex, including mulberries, figs, breadfruit, and jackfruit trees.

  • Traditional medicine
  • Crafts

Bonus Tip

Excellent for low-maintenance gardens.

For an extra boost, consider applying a thin layer of high-quality organic mulch around the base of the plant. This helps retain soil moisture, suppresses weeds, and gradually improves soil structure as it breaks down. This simple step can make a significant difference in the plant's overall vigor and resilience, especially during periods of extreme weather.

Plant Conservation

Conservation Status

Streblus heterophyllus , also known as Paratrophis microphylla or the small-leaved milk tree, is endemic to New Zealand. Its conservation status has been assessed multiple times and is consistently listed as "Not Threatened" as of 2023, 2017, 2012, 2009, and 2004.