<i>Melicytus novae zelandiae</i> (Melicytus novae-zelandiae) hero image

Coastal Māhoe

Melicytus novae-zelandiae

Not specified

This native plant, known as Coastal Māhoe (scientific name: Melicytus novae-zelandiae ), is a remarkable species endemic to New Zealand. It is characterized by its unique features, ecological role, and cultural significance. This comprehensive guide provides detailed information on its care, propagation, and importance within the New Zealand ecosystem. Understanding this plant contributes to the appreciation of our rich biodiversity and heritage, and supports conservation efforts for Browse All .

<i>Melicytus novae zelandiae</i> (Melicytus novae-zelandiae) showing <i>Melicytus novae zelandiae</i> growth habit
Image credit: Coastal Māhoe (Melicytus novae-zelandiae) - Photo via Wikipedia

Plant Description

Identification and Physical Characteristics

Coastal Māhoe is a multi-stemmed shrub or small tree that typically grows between 2 and 3 meters in height, though it can reach up to 5 meters in more sheltered lowland environments Discover more aboutNew Zealand. It forms a dense, rounded hummock of branches. The bark is smooth and greyish. The leaves are a defining feature: they are thick, leathery, and measure 3-9 cm in length and 2-5 cm in width. They are a deep, glossy dark green on top, paler beneath, and have prominent wavy (undulate) margins with small, blunt teeth.Like other members of the genus, it is dioecious. In early spring (August to September), it produces small, bell-shaped flowers that are greenish-yellow and scattered along the stems. These are followed by attractive fleshy drupes, approximately 6 mm in diameter. The berries are white or pale yellowish-white, often featuring purple blotches or turning entirely purple as they fully ripen. These berries are produced in abundance and are a favourite of honey-eating and fruit-eating native birds.

Quick Facts

Melicytus novae-zelandiae quick facts
Scientific Name Melicytus novae-zelandiae
Height 2-5 metres
Spread 1.5-3.0 metres
Water Needs Moderate; drought tolerant once established
Light Full sun to partial shade
Frost Tolerance Moderate (tolerates light frosts)
Salt Tolerance Very High
Growth Rate Medium
Lifespan Perennial

Climate Best Suited to

Melicytus novae zelandiae is well adapted to various New Zealand regions.

Regional Suitability

City suitability for Melicytus novae zelandiae
City Climate Suitability
Auckland High
Wellington High
Christchurch Medium

Plant Habitat

Natural Occurrence and Ecology

This species is a natural specialist of the coastal edge. Its range extends from the Three Kings Islands and the Bay of Plenty northwards, including many offshore island groups. It is a primary component of coastal scrub and the margins of coastal forests. It thrives on exposed cliff faces, the landward side of sand dunes, and on the rocky, salt-blasted shores of the North Island. It is often found growing in very thin soils over volcanic rock or in sandy loams. It is frequently associated with other coastal stalwarts such asCoprosma repens(Taupata) andMetrosideros excelsa(Pōhutukawa).

Growing Requirements

Soil Requirements

Prefers well-draining soil rich in organic matter.

  • Well-drained
  • Loamy

Light Requirements

Grows best in partial to full sun.

  • Full Sun
  • Partial Shade

Water Requirements

Requires regular watering during dry periods.

  • Regular
  • Drought tolerant once established

Planting and Establishing

Establishment Guidance

Plant Melicytus novae-zelandiae in a hole twice the width of the root ball.

Proper establishment is key to long-term success. Ensure the planting hole is twice as wide as the root ball and backfill with a mix of native soil and organic compost. Initial watering should be thorough, followed by regular monitoring during the first two growing seasons to ensure the plant becomes well-anchored and resilient to local climate fluctuations.

Ecological Role

Biodiversity and Ecosystem Impact

Provides habitat and food for native fauna.

This species plays a vital role in its local ecosystem, providing essential habitat and food sources for native biodiversity. Its presence supports complex ecological interactions, contributing to the overall health and stability of the environment. By planting this native, you help maintain the intricate web of life that defines New Zealand's unique natural heritage.

Uses & Significance

Garden Uses

Ideal for rock gardens and native borders.

  • Rock gardens
  • Ground cover

Ecological Value

Supports local pollinators.

  • Birds
  • Insects

The versatility of this plant makes it a valuable addition to many New Zealand gardens. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, it offers practical benefits such as soil stabilization and shelter for smaller plants. Its historical and modern uses highlight its enduring importance in both traditional practices and contemporary landscape design, making it a thoughtful choice for any restoration or gardening project.

Landscaping Uses

Adds texture and form to modern landscapes.

In a landscape setting, this plant provides excellent structure and year-round interest. Its unique form and foliage can be used to create focal points or as a cohesive element in a larger native planting scheme. It pairs well with other New Zealand natives, allowing for the creation of diverse and resilient garden environments that reflect the natural beauty of Aotearoa.

Seasonal Care Calendar

Spring

Mulch and apply balanced fertilizer.

  • Fertilize
  • Mulch

Summer

Water deeply during dry spells.

  • Water
  • Check for pests

Autumn

Tidy up any dead foliage.

  • Prune lightly
  • Plant new specimens

Winter

Protect from heavy frosts if necessary.

  • Frost protection

When to Prune and How Much

Minimal pruning required to maintain shape.

  • Remove dead branches

Always use clean, sharp tools.

Regular maintenance through careful pruning ensures the plant remains healthy and maintains its desired shape. Focus on removing dead or diseased wood to promote better air circulation and prevent the spread of pathogens. Proper pruning techniques help the plant direct its energy toward new growth, resulting in a more robust and aesthetically pleasing specimen in your garden.

How to Grow Coastal Māhoe

Cultivating Melicytus novae-zelandiae ( Melicytus novae-zelandiae ) is a rewarding endeavor for any gardener interested in New Zealand's unique flora. This species can be propagated through several methods, each requiring specific conditions to ensure healthy growth and establishment. Successful propagation depends on mimicking the plant's natural environment and providing consistent care during the early stages of development.

From Seed

Propagation from seed is often the most effective way to produce a large number of Melicytus Novae Zelandiae plants. Seeds should be collected when they are fully mature. Freshly collected seeds generally have higher germination rates than those that have been stored for long periods.

Sow fresh seeds in a seed-raising mix.

  1. Collect seeds
  2. Sow in trays

Keep moist until germination.

From Cuttings

For those wishing to replicate specific characteristics of a parent plant, vegetative propagation via cuttings is the preferred method. This technique ensures that the new plants are genetically identical to the source. Semi-hardwood cuttings taken during the appropriate season usually yield the best results for this species.

Take semi-hardwood cuttings in late summer.

  1. Take cuttings
  2. Use rooting hormone

Additional Methods

Depending on the growth habit of Melicytus novae zelandiae , other methods such as division or layering might also be viable options. Division is particularly suitable for plants that form dense clumps or have spreading root systems, while layering can be used for species with trailing or flexible stems.

Division can be done in early spring.

  1. Divide clumps
  2. Replant immediately

Pests & Diseases

Generally resistant to major pests.

While generally resilient, maintaining optimal growing conditions is the best defense against pests and diseases. Regular monitoring allows for early detection of any issues, which can often be managed through cultural practices or organic interventions. Ensuring good air circulation and appropriate watering will significantly reduce the plant's susceptibility to common environmental stresses and pathogens.

Cultural Significance

Māhoe species generally held high value for Māori. The larger Māhoe wood was famously used for generating fire by friction. Coastal Māhoe, while smaller, was recognized for its resilience and its role as a provider of "kai" (food) for the birds and lizards that were part of the traditional ecosystem. Today, it is valued as a taonga of the coastal regions and is a key species for iwi-led ecological restoration projects.

  • Traditional medicine
  • Crafts

Bonus Tip

Excellent for low-maintenance gardens.

For an extra boost, consider applying a thin layer of high-quality organic mulch around the base of the plant. This helps retain soil moisture, suppresses weeds, and gradually improves soil structure as it breaks down. This simple step can make a significant difference in the plant's overall vigor and resilience, especially during periods of extreme weather.

Plant Conservation

Conservation Status

Coastal Māhoe is currently classified as "Not Threatened." It remains common and widespread within its natural coastal range, particularly on the numerous offshore islands where browsing pests have been eradicated. On the mainland, however, it can be localized and is under pressure from urban coastal development and the invasion of aggressive weeds. Its habitat is vital for the survival of many native lizard species, making its preservation a key part of coastal biodiversity management. It is widely used in community-led coastal restoration projects.