Spatulate Coprosma

Coprosma spathulata

Not Threatened

This native plant, known as Spatulate Coprosma (scientific name: Coprosma spathulata), is a remarkable species endemic to New Zealand. It is characterized by its unique features, ecological role, and cultural significance. This comprehensive guide provides detailed information on its care, propagation, and importance within the New Zealand ecosystem. Understanding this plant contributes to the appreciation of our rich biodiversity and heritage, and supports conservation efforts for Shrubs.

Spatulate Coprosma (Coprosma spathulata) showing its unique spoon-shaped leaves — Image credit: Spatulate Coprosma (*Coprosma spathulata*) - photo by Wikipedia contributors, via Wikipedia

Plant Description

Coprosma spathulata, commonly known as the Spatulate Coprosma, is a charming and distinctive member of the Rubiaceae family. This endemic New Zealand shrub typically reaches a height of 2 metres, though some forms can exhibit a more trailing or prostrate habit. It is easily recognized by its small, spoon-shaped (spathulate) leaves, which are thick and almost fleshy. These leaves are often a dark, glossy green on the upper surface, frequently decorated with interesting mottling of yellow or pale green, and sometimes even streaks of purple. The leaves are held on relatively long, winged petioles, which is a key identification feature. In the summer, it produces inconspicuous green or white flowers, followed by attractive drupes that vary in colour from black to dark orange or red, providing a valuable food source for native lizards and birds.

Quick Facts

*Coprosma spathulata* quick facts
Scientific Name	Coprosma spathulata
Height	Up to 2 metres
Spread	1-1.5 metres
Water Needs	Moderate
Light	Full sun to dappled shade
Frost Tolerance	Moderate
Salt Tolerance	Moderate to High
Growth Rate	Slow to Moderate
Lifespan	20-40 years

Climate Best Suited to

Spatulate Coprosma is best suited to temperate climates. It is primarily found in the North Island and the northern South Island, where it enjoys consistent moisture and protection from extreme temperature fluctuations.

Regional Suitability

City suitability for Spatulate Coprosma
City	Climate Suitability
Auckland	Excellent
Wellington	Very Good
Whangārei	Excellent
Nelson	Very Good
Hamilton	Good

Plant Habitat

Spatulate Coprosma is primarily found in the North Island and the northern parts of the South Island. It is a versatile shrub that occupies a variety of forested environments, from coastal cliffs to montane forests. It is particularly common in kauri forests and secondary regrowth areas, often growing under the shade of larger trees or amongst scrub. It prefers well-drained slopes and is frequently seen in alluvial and riparian forests, where it thrives in the moist, shaded conditions of the forest floor. Its ability to grow in both shaded understories and more open coastal sites demonstrates its adaptability.

Growing Requirements

Soil Requirements

Thrives in free-draining soils that are rich in organic matter.

Well-drained forest loam
Enriched clay soils
Alluvial or riparian soils

Light Requirements

Highly adaptable but performs best with some protection from intense afternoon sun.

Dappled shade (ideal)
Partial sun
Full sun (with consistent moisture)

Water Requirements

Prefers consistent moisture but can tolerate occasional dry spells once established.

Regular watering during establishment
Keep roots cool and moist
Good drainage is essential

Planting and Establishing

When planting Coprosma spathulata, choose a sheltered spot that reflects its natural forest-floor habitat. Dig a hole twice as wide as the root ball and mix in some high-quality compost or aged manure to enrich the soil. Set the plant at the same depth as it was in the nursery pot and fill around it with soil, tamping down lightly. Water thoroughly to settle the roots. A thick layer of organic mulch around the base will help retain moisture and suppress weeds while the plant becomes established.

Ecological Role

As a fruit-bearing shrub, Coprosma spathulata plays an important role in supporting New Zealand's native biodiversity. Its berries are a nutritious food source for native birds like tūī, bellbirds, and silvereyes, which then assist in seed dispersal. The dense, bushy habit of the shrub also provides excellent cover and nesting sites for small birds and a safe haven for native lizards and insects.

Uses & Significance

Garden Uses

Spatulate Coprosma is an excellent addition to any garden looking for interesting textures and hardy native plants.

Underplanting for taller native trees
Texture and colour in native shrubberies
Shaded garden beds
Low-maintenance landscaping

Ecological Value

Contributes significantly to the local ecosystem by providing resources for wildlife.

Attracts native birds with its drupes
Provides habitat for lizards and insects
Supports forest-floor biodiversity

Landscaping Uses

In landscaping, Coprosma spathulata is often used for its unique foliage and structural form. Its spoon-shaped leaves and often mottled appearance make it a great contrast to more uniform-leaved plants. It works well when planted in groups to create a lush, layered look under a canopy or as a standalone specimen in a shaded corner. It is also useful for riparian restoration projects due to its natural affinity for stream-side environments.

Seasonal Care Calendar

Spring

Focus on preparing the plant for the growing season with nutrients and mulch.

Apply slow-release fertilizer
Refresh mulch layers
Monitor for new growth

Summer

Ensuring consistent moisture is the priority during the hot, dry months.

Deep water during dry periods
Check for berry development
Monitor for pests like scale

Autumn

A good time for propagation and assessing the plant's health.

Take semi-hardwood cuttings
Collect seeds from mature drupes
Reduce watering frequency

Winter

The plant is dormant; minimal care is needed beyond basic maintenance.

Protect from heavy frost if needed
Clean up any fallen debris

When to Prune and How Much

Coprosma spathulata typically maintains a tidy habit and requires very little pruning.

Remove dead or diseased wood at any time
Lightly tip-prune to encourage bushiness
Prune after fruiting to maintain shape

Always use sharp, clean tools. If you are growing a prostrate form, you may need to occasionally prune the edges to keep it within its assigned space in the garden.

How to Grow Spatulate Coprosma

Growing Coprosma spathulata in your garden is a rewarding way to add unique texture and colour to your native plantings. This shrub is remarkably hardy and easy to care for, making it suitable for gardeners of all skill levels. It is particularly valued for its interesting foliage and its ability to thrive in shaded positions where other plants might struggle. Cultivating this species allows you to appreciate the subtle beauty of New Zealand's understory plants up close.

From Seed

Propagation from seed is a reliable method for Coprosma spathulata. Seeds should be collected from mature drupes, which are typically found in late summer or autumn.

Follow these steps for sowing from seed:

Soak mature drupes in water to remove the fleshy pulp.
Clean the seeds thoroughly and sow them into a tray of seed-raising mix.
Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil and keep them moist.
Place the tray in a warm, sheltered position with indirect light.
Germination can be slow, sometimes taking several months.

Once seedlings are large enough to handle, transplant them into individual pots and grow them on until they are ready for the garden.

From Cuttings

Vegetative propagation via semi-hardwood cuttings is also a very effective way to produce new Coprosma spathulata plants, ensuring they retain the characteristics of the parent.

To take cuttings, select healthy, non-flowering stems from the current season's growth:

Take 10-15cm cuttings in late summer or early autumn.
Strip the leaves from the bottom half of the cutting.
Dip the base in rooting hormone if desired.
Insert into a free-draining mix of peat and sand.
Keep in a warm, humid environment with regular misting.

Additional Methods

While seed and cuttings are the most common methods, larger established plants can sometimes be carefully divided if they have a multi-stemmed or spreading habit.

For spreading or prostrate forms, layering can also be an effective technique. Simply pin a low-growing stem to the ground and cover it with a bit of soil. Once roots have formed at the node, the new plant can be severed from the parent and moved.

Choose a flexible, low-lying branch.
Gently wound the stem at a node.
Secure the wounded node into the soil.
Water regularly until new roots establish.

Pests & Diseases

Spatulate Coprosma is generally pest-resistant but may occasionally be affected by scale insects, aphids, or mealybugs. In particularly humid or poorly ventilated conditions, powdery mildew can occur on the leaves. Most issues can be managed through good garden hygiene and ensuring the plant has adequate air circulation and drainage.

Cultural Significance

While specific historical records for Coprosma spathulata are less common than for larger species like C. robusta, the Coprosma genus as a whole has significant value in Māori culture. Various species were used for medicinal purposes, and the bright berries were recognized as a food source for birds, which were in turn important for Māori.

General use of Coprosma for dyes
Significance of berries for attracting birds
Role in the traditional forest ecosystem

Bonus Tip

To enhance the purple and mottled tones in the leaves of your Spatulate Coprosma, try planting it where it receives cool morning sun but is shaded from the harsh afternoon heat. The slight stress from the sun can often bring out more vibrant leaf colours.

Plant Conservation

Currently classified as "Not Threatened," Coprosma spathulata remains common in its natural range. However, like many native shrubs, it benefits from the protection of forest habitats and the control of browsing pests. Including it in domestic gardens and ecological restoration projects helps maintain genetic diversity and supports the local wildlife that depends on its fruit and shelter.