Broad-leaved Snow Tussock

Chionochloa flavicans

Not Threatened

Introduction

Introduction Overview

Chionochloa flavicans , commonly known as broad-leaved snow tussock, is a distinctive native grass of New Zealand. This attractive tussock forms large, graceful clumps with arching leaves that catch the light, making it a striking feature in both natural landscapes and gardens. native trees

Flax-like Snowgrass (<i><i>Chionochloa flavicans</i></i>)

Image credit: Broad-leaved Snow Tussock (C. flavicans) - Photo by Wikipedia contributors, via Wikipedia

Plant Description

Botanical Features

Broad-leaved Snow Tussock (C. flavicans) is a distinctive native plant with unique botanical characteristics that make it well-suited to New Zealand's diverse environments. This species exhibits typical features of its genus and family, with specialized adaptations that allow it to thrive in its natural habitat. The plant's morphological features, including its leaf structure, growth habit, and reproductive characteristics, reflect millions of years of evolution in New Zealand's isolated environment. Understanding the botanical description of Broad-leaved Snow Tussock helps gardeners appreciate its unique characteristics and provides insight into its cultivation requirements and ecological role.

Quick Facts

Table data
Scientific Name	Chionochloa flavicans
Height	0.81.2 m (2.64 ft) tall
Spread	0.61.2 m (24 ft) wide clumps
Water Needs	Low to moderate; drought tolerant once established
Light	Full sun to light shade
Frost Tolerance	High (tolerates moderate frosts)
Salt Tolerance	Low (not tolerant of coastal salt)
Growth Rate	Slow to moderate
Lifespan	Long-lived (decades in suitable conditions)

Climate Best Suited to

Distribution Map

Chionochloa is found throughout New Zealand, especially in lowland to montane regions of both the North and South Islands. It is common in open grasslands, hillsides, and along forest margins.

Chionochloa flavicans is adaptable to various climates but thrives in cool to temperate regions. It is particularly well-suited to areas with good rainfall and can tolerate exposed conditions.

Table data
City	Suitability
Whangārei	Ideal
Auckland	Ideal
Hamilton	Ideal
Tauranga	Ideal
Rotorua	Ideal
Gisborne	Ideal
New Plymouth	Ideal
Napier	Ideal
Whanganui	Ideal
Palmerston North	Ideal
Wellington	Ideal
Nelson	Ideal
Christchurch	Ideal
Dunedin	Ideal
Invercargill	Ideal

Plant Habitat

Natural Range

Occurs naturally on sunny slopes, bluffs, and light soils from lowland to montane zones in the North and South Islands. It favors areas with good drainage and seasonal dryness, frequently among rock outcrops or in coastal hills where salt exposure is moderate.

Plant Conservation

The conservation status of Chionochloa flavicans (specifically Chionochloa flavicans f. flavicans) is "At Risk - Declining" as of 2023, with qualifiers DPS, DPT, and RR. This is a change from previous assessments where it was listed as "Not Threatened" in 2017, 2012, 2009, and 2004.

Chionochloa flavicans is a species of snow tussock endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. It is found from the Coromandel Peninsula to Hawke's Bay, inhabiting coastal to subalpine areas, including sparsely vegetated cliff and rock faces, and talus slopes.

A different form, Chionochloa flavicans f. temata, is found only on Te Mata Peak near Havelock North and is considered a narrow-range limestone endemic.

Soil Requirements

Chionochloa flavicans grows best in:

Well-draining soils
Tolerates poor to moderately fertile soils
Can handle both acidic and neutral pH
Adapts to various soil types

Light Requirements

This tussock prefers:

Full sun for best growth
Tolerates partial shade
Morning sun with afternoon shade acceptable
Good air circulation

Water Requirements

Water needs include:

Regular watering when young
Drought tolerant once established
Good drainage essential
Tolerates periods of dry soil

Planting Guide

When to Plant

Spring is ideal for planting
Early autumn also suitable
Avoid planting in extreme weather

Spacing

60-100 cm between plants
Allow room for spread
Consider mature size when planning

Ecological Role

Environmental Value

Tussock clumps slow runoff and protect thin soils on sunny banks. Inflorescences provide seeds for small birds, while dense bases shelter invertebrates and lizards. In restoration projects, broadleaved snow tussock adds structure, drought resilience, and strong visual cues of open dryland ecosystems.

Uses & Significance

Garden Uses

Ecological Significance

Ecologically, Chionochloa flavicans plays a crucial role in New Zealand\'s native ecosystems, especially in subalpine grasslands. It provides essential habitat and food for native insects and contributes significantly to overall ecosystem health and biodiversity. Its dense tussock clumps offer shelter for various native insects and lizards, making it an important component of the local fauna's survival.

Landscaping Section

Design Uses

Excellent for textural planting in coastal or inland dry sites, massed on banks, or as rhythmic repeats through gravel gardens. Combine with hebes, Libertia, and native sedges for yearround movement and contrast. Works well in containers where drainage is sharp.

Seasonal Care

Spring

New growth begins
Apply slow-release fertilizer if desired
Divide established clumps if needed
Plant new specimens

Summer

Water during extended dry periods
Flowering occurs in late summer
Monitor for pests
Remove weeds from base

Autumn

Seeds mature and can be collected
Good time for planting
Reduce watering as temperatures cool
Apply mulch if needed

Winter

Minimal care needed
Provides winter interest with frosted foliage
Avoid walking on frozen grass
Plan spring divisions

Pruning and Maintenance

Chionochloa generally requires minimal pruning. Remove dead or damaged growth as needed and shape the plant to maintain desired form. Pruning is best done in late winter or early spring before new growth begins.

How to Grow Broad-leaved Snow Tussock

From Seed

Difficulty: Moderate

Broad-leaved snow tussock (Chionochloa flavicans) produces feathery plumes carrying numerous fine seeds. Collect plumes as they turn straw-gold in late summer to autumn and dry them in a paper bag; rub out the seed and winnow away chaff. Sow fresh seed onto a very freeâdraining seedâraising mix (add coarse sand or fine pumice) and press lightly so the seed has good contact but still receives light. Maintain bright light with excellent airflow and keep the surface just moist with a fine mister: avoid heavy watering which can dislodge seed or cause dampingâoff. Cool to mild temperatures (12-20 °C) suit germination, which may be staggered over 3-6+ weeks. Prick out when seedlings are large enough to handle, growing on in a gritty mix with regular light watering and full sun. Harden off and plant out into sharply drained soil; avoid rich, wet sites which reduce longevity and form.

By Division

Difficulty: Easy

Established clumps can be divided to refresh vigour or multiply stock. In early spring or early autumn, lift the clump carefully and split it into several firm pieces, ensuring each division includes a solid crown and active roots. Replant divisions immediately into a sunny position with very freeâdraining soil or into pots of gritty mix. Water to settle and then water sparingly while roots reâestablish; overâwatering can lead to rot. Space divisions to allow air movement, especially in humid districts, to minimise foliar rust on older leaves.

Pests & Diseases

Common Issues

Rust: Can affect foliage in humid conditions
Root Rot: Avoid in poorly drained sites
Grass Grub: May damage roots of young plants

Generally hardy and resistant to most pests and diseases when grown in suitable conditions.

Cultural Significance

Broad-leaved Snow Tussock (Chionochloa flavicans) holds cultural significance for Mori, who traditionally used various tussock species for practical purposes. The tough, fibrous leaves were used for weaving, thatching, and as a material for constructing temporary shelters. Its presence in the landscape also signifies healthy ecosystems and traditional gathering grounds.

Bonus Tip

To maintain the vigor and prevent dieback in your Broad-leaved Snow Tussock, ensure excellent drainage and periodically remove accumulated dead foliage from the center of the plant. This prevents moisture buildup that can lead to root rot, especially in humid conditions. While it's a low-maintenance plant, a little grooming goes a long way in keeping it healthy and looking its best.