<i>Rhabdothamnus solandri</i>(Rhabdothamnus solandri) hero image

Taurepo

Rhabdothamnus solandri

Not specified

This native plant, known as Taurepo (scientific name: Rhabdothamnus solandri ), is a remarkable species endemic to New Zealand. It is characterized by its unique features, ecological role, and cultural significance. This comprehensive guide provides detailed information on its care, propagation, and importance within the New Zealand ecosystem. Understanding this plant contributes to the appreciation of our rich biodiversity and heritage, and supports conservation efforts for Browse All .

<i>Rhabdothamnus solandri</i>(Rhabdothamnus solandri) showing <i>Rhabdothamnus solandri</i>growth habit
Image credit: Taurepo ( Rhabdothamnus solandri ) - Photo via Wikipedia

Plant Description

Identification and Physical Characteristics

Taurepo ( Rhabdothamnus solandri ), also known as New Zealand gloxinia, kaikaiatua, māta, matata, and waiūatua, is a small, bushy shrub endemic to New Zealand's North Island and its offshore islands Discover more about native shrubs. It is the sole species in the genus Rhabdothamnus and the only member of the Gesneriaceae family native to New Zealand. This shrub typically grows up to 2 meters tall and features numerous thin, often brittle, grey-brown to grey branches. Its leaves are rounded, thin, and can range from dark green to yellow-green or grey-green, with sparsely stiff hairs and toothed edges. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs. A distinctive feature is its trumpet-shaped, nodding flowers, which are 20-40 mm long. These flowers are usually orange, but can also be yellow, purple, pink, or brick-red, and are longitudinally striped by 12-20 red or dark orange veins. It flowers year-round, with a peak between October and February. The flowers are primarily pollinated by native New Zealand birds such as the bellbird, tūī, and stitchbird. It is found in various habitats, including forests, near streams, on banks, and particularly on rocky sites like cliff faces. It prefers free-draining, rocky yet fertile sites, especially on limestone karst formations.

Quick Facts

Rhabdothamnus solandri quick facts
Scientific Name Rhabdothamnus solandri
Height Up to 2 meters
Spread 1-2 m
Water Needs Moderate; prefers consistently moist, well-drained soil
Light Partial shade to dappled light; protect from direct sun
Frost Tolerance Moderate; protect from hard frosts
Salt Tolerance Low; requires protection from salt exposure
Growth Rate Slow to moderate
Lifespan Long

Climate Best Suited to

Rhabdothamnus solandri is well adapted to various New Zealand regions.

Regional Suitability

City suitability for Rhabdothamnus solandri
City Climate Suitability
Auckland High
Wellington High
Christchurch Medium

Plant Habitat

Natural Occurrence and Ecology

Taurepo ( Rhabdothamnus solandri ), also known as New Zealand gloxinia, is a small shrub endemic to New Zealand's North Island and its adjacent offshore islands. It is the sole species in its genus and the only member of the Gesneriaceae family native to New Zealand, highlighting its unique botanical status.Coastal to Lower Montane Areas:Its natural habitat spans coastal to lowland and lower montane areas throughout the North Island, extending from Te Paki (North Cape) south to the Manawatu Gorge, and then disjunctly to areas near Porirua Harbour and Wellington.Rocky Sites:Taurepo is primarily a rupestral species, meaning it is associated with rocky sites like cliff faces, gorges, outcrops, and cave entrances, particularly in the lowland karst regions of the western Waikato.Forests and Shrubland:While it often grows in forests, it can also extend into shrubland, showcasing its adaptability to various light conditions.Inland Areas:It can be found inland in areas with limited frost, such as along the banks of the Waikato River.Moist Woodland Environments:It thrives in moist woodland environments and prefers shaded areas with natural rainfall.Free-Draining Soil:It prefers free-draining, rocky yet fertile sites, especially on limestone karst formations.The presence of Rhabdothamnus solandri in these diverse habitats underscores its ecological importance in contributing to the biodiversity and structural complexity of New Zealand's native forest understories and rocky landscapes.

Growing Requirements

Soil Requirements

Prefers well-draining soil rich in organic matter.

  • Well-drained
  • Loamy

Light Requirements

Grows best in partial to full sun.

  • Full Sun
  • Partial Shade

Water Requirements

Requires regular watering during dry periods.

  • Regular
  • Drought tolerant once established

Planting and Establishing

Establishment Guidance

Plant Rhabdothamnus solandri in a hole twice the width of the root ball.

Proper establishment is key to long-term success. Ensure the planting hole is twice as wide as the root ball and backfill with a mix of native soil and organic compost. Initial watering should be thorough, followed by regular monitoring during the first two growing seasons to ensure the plant becomes well-anchored and resilient to local climate fluctuations.

Ecological Role

Biodiversity and Ecosystem Impact

Provides habitat and food for native fauna.

This species plays a vital role in its local ecosystem, providing essential habitat and food sources for native biodiversity. Its presence supports complex ecological interactions, contributing to the overall health and stability of the environment. By planting this native, you help maintain the intricate web of life that defines New Zealand's unique natural heritage.

Uses & Significance

Garden Uses

Ideal for rock gardens and native borders.

  • Rock gardens
  • Ground cover

Ecological Value

Supports local pollinators.

  • Birds
  • Insects

The versatility of this plant makes it a valuable addition to many New Zealand gardens. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, it offers practical benefits such as soil stabilization and shelter for smaller plants. Its historical and modern uses highlight its enduring importance in both traditional practices and contemporary landscape design, making it a thoughtful choice for any restoration or gardening project.

Landscaping Uses

Adds texture and form to modern landscapes.

In a landscape setting, this plant provides excellent structure and year-round interest. Its unique form and foliage can be used to create focal points or as a cohesive element in a larger native planting scheme. It pairs well with other New Zealand natives, allowing for the creation of diverse and resilient garden environments that reflect the natural beauty of Aotearoa.

Seasonal Care Calendar

Spring

Mulch and apply balanced fertilizer.

  • Fertilize
  • Mulch

Summer

Water deeply during dry spells.

  • Water
  • Check for pests

Autumn

Tidy up any dead foliage.

  • Prune lightly
  • Plant new specimens

Winter

Protect from heavy frosts if necessary.

  • Frost protection

When to Prune and How Much

Minimal pruning required to maintain shape.

  • Remove dead branches

Always use clean, sharp tools.

Regular maintenance through careful pruning ensures the plant remains healthy and maintains its desired shape. Focus on removing dead or diseased wood to promote better air circulation and prevent the spread of pathogens. Proper pruning techniques help the plant direct its energy toward new growth, resulting in a more robust and aesthetically pleasing specimen in your garden.

How to Grow Taurepo

Cultivating Rhabdothamnus solandri ( Rhabdothamnus solandri ) is a rewarding endeavor for any gardener interested in New Zealand's unique flora. This species can be propagated through several methods, each requiring specific conditions to ensure healthy growth and establishment. Successful propagation depends on mimicking the plant's natural environment and providing consistent care during the early stages of development.

From Seed

Propagation from seed is often the most effective way to produce a large number of Rhabdothamnus solandri plants. Seeds should be collected when they are fully mature. Freshly collected seeds generally have higher germination rates than those that have been stored for long periods.

Sow fresh seeds in a seed-raising mix.

  1. Collect seeds
  2. Sow in trays

Keep moist until germination.

From Cuttings

For those wishing to replicate specific characteristics of a parent plant, vegetative propagation via cuttings is the preferred method. This technique ensures that the new plants are genetically identical to the source. Semi-hardwood cuttings taken during the appropriate season usually yield the best results for this species.

Take semi-hardwood cuttings in late summer.

  1. Take cuttings
  2. Use rooting hormone

Additional Methods

Depending on the growth habit of Rhabdothamnus solandri , other methods such as division or layering might also be viable options. Division is particularly suitable for plants that form dense clumps or have spreading root systems, while layering can be used for species with trailing or flexible stems.

Division can be done in early spring.

  1. Divide clumps
  2. Replant immediately

Pests & Diseases

Generally resistant to major pests.

While generally resilient, maintaining optimal growing conditions is the best defense against pests and diseases. Regular monitoring allows for early detection of any issues, which can often be managed through cultural practices or organic interventions. Ensuring good air circulation and appropriate watering will significantly reduce the plant's susceptibility to common environmental stresses and pathogens.

Cultural Significance

Rhabdothamnus solandri , also known as New Zealand gloxinia, holds cultural significance primarily due to its unique status as an endemic New Zealand plant and its connection to Māori language and natural history. The plant is known by several Māori names, including taurepo, kaikaiatua, mata, matata, and waiūatua. It is the sole member of the genus Rhabdothamnus and the only representative of the Gesneriaceae family native to New Zealand (Aotearoa), making it a distinctive part of the country's flora. Rhabdothamnus solandri was first documented by Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander during Captain Cook's initial voyage to New Zealand in 1769, with its scientific name,solandri, honoring Daniel Solander. Its trumpet-shaped flowers are specifically adapted for pollination by native long-billed honeyeaters such as the hihi (stitchbird), tieke (saddleback), bellbird, and tūī. In 2019, Taurepo was voted New Zealand's favourite native plant by the NZPCN, a testament to its unique beauty and charm among the public.

  • Traditional medicine
  • Crafts

Bonus Tip

Excellent for low-maintenance gardens.

For an extra boost, consider applying a thin layer of high-quality organic mulch around the base of the plant. This helps retain soil moisture, suppresses weeds, and gradually improves soil structure as it breaks down. This simple step can make a significant difference in the plant's overall vigor and resilience, especially during periods of extreme weather.

Plant Conservation

Conservation Status

Rhabdothamnus solandri , commonly known as New Zealand gloxinia, taurepo, or matata, is a unique shrub endemic to New Zealand and the sole species in its genus, as well as the only representative of the Gesneriaceae family in the country. While nationally classified as "Not Threatened," its conservation faces challenges, particularly on the New Zealand mainland. The plant is primarily a rupestral (rock-dwelling) species, thriving in coastal to lowland and lower montane forests, often found in limestone formations. Key conservation concerns for Rhabdothamnus solandri include pollination issues, as it relies heavily on native long-billed birds for effective cross-pollination, and introduced species, which can damage the plant by browsing and eating its flowers. Additionally, introduced silvereye birds often consume nectar by piercing the base of the flowers, bypassing the reproductive organs and thus acting as an ineffective pollinator. Despite these challenges, Rhabdothamnus solandri exhibits adaptations to its environment, such as developing bushy forms with protective hairs in windy, salty coastal areas. It can also be cultivated in gardens, where it prefers partial sun, well-drained soil, and protection from harsh sunlight and frost. Planting this species can contribute to supporting local biodiversity and native pollinators.