<i>Metrosideros parkinsonii</i>(Metrosideros parkinsonii) hero image

Parkinson's Rata

Metrosideros parkinsonii

Not specified

This native plant, known as Parkinson's Rata (scientific name: Metrosideros parkinsonii ), is a remarkable species endemic to New Zealand. It is characterized by its unique features, ecological role, and cultural significance. This comprehensive guide provides detailed information on its care, propagation, and importance within the New Zealand ecosystem. Understanding this plant contributes to the appreciation of our rich biodiversity and heritage, and supports conservation efforts for Browse All .

<i>Metrosideros parkinsonii</i>(Metrosideros parkinsonii) showing <i>Metrosideros parkinsonii</i>growth habit
Image credit: Parkinson's Rata ( Metrosideros parkinsonii ) - Photo via Wikipedia

Plant Description

Identification and Physical Characteristics

Parkinson's Rata ( Metrosideros parkinsonii ) is a multi-trunked shrub or small tree endemic to New Zealand, typically growing up to 7-8 meters tall Discover more about native grasses. It is characterized by its straggling, many-branched habit, sometimes featuring aerial roots. The bark is pale grey to brown-grey and flaky. Its branchlets are 4-angled, hairless, and initially red, maturing to brown-grey or grey. The leathery, ovate-lanceolate leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, measuring 25-75 mm long and 15-30 mm wide. They are dark green on the upper surface, paler beneath, and often show red blistering or blemishes, with slightly rolled-under margins. A striking feature is its crimson, fluffy flowers, which are borne directly on the stems (cauliflorous), often below the main vegetative branches. These flowers typically appear in clusters of up to eight, with prominent stamens that are much longer than the petals. The primary flowering season spans from spring to early summer, or specifically November to January. The plant produces dry, ribbed capsules, 6-8 mm long, that split to release seeds.

Quick Facts

Metrosideros parkinsonii quick facts
Scientific Name Metrosideros parkinsonii
Height 15-20 m
Spread 3-5 m
Water Needs Moderate
Light Full sun to part shade
Frost Tolerance Moderate
Salt Tolerance Moderate
Growth Rate Medium
Lifespan Long

Climate Best Suited to

Metrosideros parkinsonii is well adapted to various New Zealand regions.

Regional Suitability

City suitability for Metrosideros parkinsonii
City Climate Suitability
Auckland High
Wellington High
Christchurch Medium

Plant Habitat

Natural Occurrence and Ecology

Parkinson's Rata is a rare species with a scattered distribution. In the North Island, it is found only on Great Barrier and Little Barrier Islands, where it grows in montane "cloud" forests, often on cliff faces and rock outcrops. In the South Island, it is found on the western side, from Collingwood south to just north of Hokitika, where it grows along ridgelines in peaty ground.

Growing Requirements

Soil Requirements

Prefers well-draining soil rich in organic matter.

  • Well-drained
  • Loamy

Light Requirements

Grows best in partial to full sun.

  • Full Sun
  • Partial Shade

Water Requirements

Requires regular watering during dry periods.

  • Regular
  • Drought tolerant once established

Planting and Establishing

Establishment Guidance

Plant Metrosideros parkinsonii in a hole twice the width of the root ball.

Proper establishment is key to long-term success. Ensure the planting hole is twice as wide as the root ball and backfill with a mix of native soil and organic compost. Initial watering should be thorough, followed by regular monitoring during the first two growing seasons to ensure the plant becomes well-anchored and resilient to local climate fluctuations.

Ecological Role

Biodiversity and Ecosystem Impact

Provides habitat and food for native fauna.

This species plays a vital role in its local ecosystem, providing essential habitat and food sources for native biodiversity. Its presence supports complex ecological interactions, contributing to the overall health and stability of the environment. By planting this native, you help maintain the intricate web of life that defines New Zealand's unique natural heritage.

Uses & Significance

Garden Uses

Ideal for rock gardens and native borders.

  • Rock gardens
  • Ground cover

Ecological Value

Supports local pollinators.

  • Birds
  • Insects

The versatility of this plant makes it a valuable addition to many New Zealand gardens. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, it offers practical benefits such as soil stabilization and shelter for smaller plants. Its historical and modern uses highlight its enduring importance in both traditional practices and contemporary landscape design, making it a thoughtful choice for any restoration or gardening project.

Landscaping Uses

Adds texture and form to modern landscapes.

In a landscape setting, this plant provides excellent structure and year-round interest. Its unique form and foliage can be used to create focal points or as a cohesive element in a larger native planting scheme. It pairs well with other New Zealand natives, allowing for the creation of diverse and resilient garden environments that reflect the natural beauty of Aotearoa.

Seasonal Care Calendar

Spring

Mulch and apply balanced fertilizer.

  • Fertilize
  • Mulch

Summer

Water deeply during dry spells.

  • Water
  • Check for pests

Autumn

Tidy up any dead foliage.

  • Prune lightly
  • Plant new specimens

Winter

Protect from heavy frosts if necessary.

  • Frost protection

When to Prune and How Much

Minimal pruning required to maintain shape.

  • Remove dead branches

Always use clean, sharp tools.

Regular maintenance through careful pruning ensures the plant remains healthy and maintains its desired shape. Focus on removing dead or diseased wood to promote better air circulation and prevent the spread of pathogens. Proper pruning techniques help the plant direct its energy toward new growth, resulting in a more robust and aesthetically pleasing specimen in your garden.

How to Grow Parkinson's Rata

Cultivating Metrosideros parkinsonii ( Metrosideros parkinsonii ) is a rewarding endeavor for any gardener interested in New Zealand's unique flora. This species can be propagated through several methods, each requiring specific conditions to ensure healthy growth and establishment. Successful propagation depends on mimicking the plant's natural environment and providing consistent care during the early stages of development.

From Seed

Propagation from seed is often the most effective way to produce a large number of Metrosideros parkinsonii plants. Seeds should be collected when they are fully mature. Freshly collected seeds generally have higher germination rates than those that have been stored for long periods.

Sow fresh seeds in a seed-raising mix.

  1. Collect seeds
  2. Sow in trays

Keep moist until germination.

From Cuttings

For those wishing to replicate specific characteristics of a parent plant, vegetative propagation via cuttings is the preferred method. This technique ensures that the new plants are genetically identical to the source. Semi-hardwood cuttings taken during the appropriate season usually yield the best results for this species.

Take semi-hardwood cuttings in late summer.

  1. Take cuttings
  2. Use rooting hormone

Additional Methods

Depending on the growth habit of Metrosideros parkinsonii , other methods such as division or layering might also be viable options. Division is particularly suitable for plants that form dense clumps or have spreading root systems, while layering can be used for species with trailing or flexible stems.

Division can be done in early spring.

  1. Divide clumps
  2. Replant immediately

Pests & Diseases

Generally resistant to major pests.

While generally resilient, maintaining optimal growing conditions is the best defense against pests and diseases. Regular monitoring allows for early detection of any issues, which can often be managed through cultural practices or organic interventions. Ensuring good air circulation and appropriate watering will significantly reduce the plant's susceptibility to common environmental stresses and pathogens.

Cultural Significance

Metrosideros parkinsonii , also known as Parkinson's rātā or shrubby rātā, is a shrub or small tree endemic to New Zealand. While other Metrosideros species, such as the P hutukawa (Metrosideros excelsa), hold significant cultural importance for Māori, specific cultural significance for Metrosideros parkinsonii is not extensively detailed in historical records.The plant was named in honour of Sydney Parkinson, Captain James Cook's botanical artist during his first voyage to New Zealand. Its presence as a unique endemic species contributes to New Zealand's rich biodiversity and natural heritage.

  • Traditional medicine
  • Crafts

Bonus Tip

Excellent for low-maintenance gardens.

For an extra boost, consider applying a thin layer of high-quality organic mulch around the base of the plant. This helps retain soil moisture, suppresses weeds, and gradually improves soil structure as it breaks down. This simple step can make a significant difference in the plant's overall vigor and resilience, especially during periods of extreme weather.

Plant Conservation

Conservation Status

Metrosideros parkinsonii , also known as Parkinson's rātā, is a shrub or small tree endemic to New Zealand. Its conservation status was upgraded to 'Threatened - Nationally Vulnerable' in 2017, primarily due to the emergence of myrtle rust in New Zealand. Previously, in 2012, it was not considered threatened. This species is found in specific regions of New Zealand, including Great Barrier Island and Little Barrier Island in the North Island, and the western side of the South Island. Key threats to Metrosideros parkinsonii include myrtle rust (Austropuccinia psidii), introduced possums which feed on the leaves, buds, flowers, and young shoots, and habitat degradation from human activity. Cultivation of Metrosideros parkinsonii is challenging, as established plants can die suddenly, and propagation from cuttings is difficult. Conservation efforts for Metrosideros species in New Zealand are supported by organizations like Project Crimson and the DOC/BGANZ partnership.