Ramarama
Lophomyrtus bullata
This native plant, known as Ramarama(scientific name: Lophomyrtus bullata ), is a remarkable species endemic to New Zealand. It is characterized by its unique features, ecological role, and cultural significance. This comprehensive guide provides detailed information on its care, propagation, and importance within the New Zealand ecosystem. Understanding this plant contributes to the appreciation of our rich biodiversity and heritage, and supports conservation efforts for Browse All .
Plant Description
Identification and Physical Characteristics
Ramarama ( Lophomyrtus bullata ), also known as Bubble-leaf Shrub, is an evergreen shrub or small tree endemic to New Zealand Discover more about native grasses. It can grow up to 6-8 meters tall and 2-3 meters wide, with a slender trunk and numerous erect, compactly branched reddish branches. Its most distinctive feature is its leaves, which are broadly ovate to suborbicular, thick, leathery, and glossy, with a characteristic puckered or blistered (bullate) appearance between the veins. The leaves vary in colour from dark green to yellow-green, often mottled or spotted with red, maroon, or purple-black blemishes, and are paler underneath. It produces small, white, 4-petaled flowers, typically solitary in the leaf axils, followed by broadly ovoid, dark red or black berries that are edible and said to taste like guava when ripe.
Quick Facts
| Scientific Name | Lophomyrtus bullata |
|---|---|
| Height | 15-20 m |
| Spread | 3-5 m |
| Water Needs | Moderate |
| Light | Full sun to part shade |
| Frost Tolerance | Moderate |
| Salt Tolerance | Moderate |
| Growth Rate | Medium |
| Lifespan | Long |
Climate Best Suited to
Lophomyrtus bullata is well adapted to various New Zealand regions.
Regional Suitability
| City | Climate Suitability |
|---|---|
| Auckland | High |
| Wellington | High |
| Christchurch | Medium |
Plant Habitat
Natural Occurrence and Ecology
Ramarama ( Lophomyrtus bullata ) is endemic to New Zealand, primarily found in the North Island and occasionally in the northern parts of the South Island. Its natural habitat spans coastal to montane forests and shrublands, often as a noticeable component of the understory in lowland podocarp riparian forests. It can also be found in suitable sites within slope forests and, in wetter areas, is sometimes common in regenerating shrubland in cut-over forests. It thrives in well-drained, fertile soil and prefers full sun to partial shade, tolerating wind, light frosts, and moderate exposure.
Growing Requirements
Soil Requirements
Prefers well-draining soil rich in organic matter.
- Well-drained
- Loamy
Light Requirements
Grows best in partial to full sun.
- Full Sun
- Partial Shade
Water Requirements
Requires regular watering during dry periods.
- Regular
- Drought tolerant once established
Planting and Establishing
Establishment Guidance
Plant Lophomyrtus bullata in a hole twice the width of the root ball.
Proper establishment is key to long-term success. Ensure the planting hole is twice as wide as the root ball and backfill with a mix of native soil and organic compost. Initial watering should be thorough, followed by regular monitoring during the first two growing seasons to ensure the plant becomes well-anchored and resilient to local climate fluctuations.
Ecological Role
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Impact
Provides habitat and food for native fauna.
This species plays a vital role in its local ecosystem, providing essential habitat and food sources for native biodiversity. Its presence supports complex ecological interactions, contributing to the overall health and stability of the environment. By planting this native, you help maintain the intricate web of life that defines New Zealand's unique natural heritage.
Uses & Significance
Garden Uses
Ideal for rock gardens and native borders.
- Rock gardens
- Ground cover
Ecological Value
Supports local pollinators.
- Birds
- Insects
The versatility of this plant makes it a valuable addition to many New Zealand gardens. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, it offers practical benefits such as soil stabilization and shelter for smaller plants. Its historical and modern uses highlight its enduring importance in both traditional practices and contemporary landscape design, making it a thoughtful choice for any restoration or gardening project.
Landscaping Uses
Adds texture and form to modern landscapes.
In a landscape setting, this plant provides excellent structure and year-round interest. Its unique form and foliage can be used to create focal points or as a cohesive element in a larger native planting scheme. It pairs well with other New Zealand natives, allowing for the creation of diverse and resilient garden environments that reflect the natural beauty of Aotearoa.
Seasonal Care Calendar
Spring
Mulch and apply balanced fertilizer.
- Fertilize
- Mulch
Summer
Water deeply during dry spells.
- Water
- Check for pests
Autumn
Tidy up any dead foliage.
- Prune lightly
- Plant new specimens
Winter
Protect from heavy frosts if necessary.
- Frost protection
When to Prune and How Much
Minimal pruning required to maintain shape.
- Remove dead branches
Always use clean, sharp tools.
Regular maintenance through careful pruning ensures the plant remains healthy and maintains its desired shape. Focus on removing dead or diseased wood to promote better air circulation and prevent the spread of pathogens. Proper pruning techniques help the plant direct its energy toward new growth, resulting in a more robust and aesthetically pleasing specimen in your garden.
How to Grow Ramarama
Cultivating Lophomyrtus bullata ( Lophomyrtus bullata ) is a rewarding endeavor for any gardener interested in New Zealand's unique flora. This species can be propagated through several methods, each requiring specific conditions to ensure healthy growth and establishment. Successful propagation depends on mimicking the plant's natural environment and providing consistent care during the early stages of development.
From Seed
Propagation from seed is often the most effective way to produce a large number of Lophomyrtus bullata plants. Seeds should be collected when they are fully mature. Freshly collected seeds generally have higher germination rates than those that have been stored for long periods.
Sow fresh seeds in a seed-raising mix.
- Collect seeds
- Sow in trays
Keep moist until germination.
From Cuttings
For those wishing to replicate specific characteristics of a parent plant, vegetative propagation via cuttings is the preferred method. This technique ensures that the new plants are genetically identical to the source. Semi-hardwood cuttings taken during the appropriate season usually yield the best results for this species.
Take semi-hardwood cuttings in late summer.
- Take cuttings
- Use rooting hormone
Additional Methods
Depending on the growth habit of Lophomyrtus bullata , other methods such as division or layering might also be viable options. Division is particularly suitable for plants that form dense clumps or have spreading root systems, while layering can be used for species with trailing or flexible stems.
Division can be done in early spring.
- Divide clumps
- Replant immediately
Pests & Diseases
Generally resistant to major pests.
While generally resilient, maintaining optimal growing conditions is the best defense against pests and diseases. Regular monitoring allows for early detection of any issues, which can often be managed through cultural practices or organic interventions. Ensuring good air circulation and appropriate watering will significantly reduce the plant's susceptibility to common environmental stresses and pathogens.
Cultural Significance
Lophomyrtus bullata , commonly known by its Māori name ramarama, holds significant cultural importance, particularly in New Zealand.Traditional Māori Uses:The leaves of the ramarama were traditionally used by Māori for medicinal purposes, including treating cuts, ulcers, wounds, and bruises. This is attributed to an antiseptic compound, bullatenone, found uniquely in the plant. The plant's hard, dense wood was also valued for crafting adze handles and poles for watercraft.Food Source:In times of scarcity, the small, dark red to black berries of the ramarama were consumed, often alongside aruhe (fern root). Some accounts describe the fruits and seeds as having a pleasant, aromatic taste, similar to guava.Linguistic and Symbolic Connections:The name "ramarama" is also applied to another native New Zealand plant, Pseudowintera colorata (horopito). Both plants share this name due to the way their vibrant leaves reflect light. Furthermore, ramarama was chosen by biblical translators to represent the Middle Eastern Myrtus communis (hadas in Hebrew) in Māori texts, likely due to its similar appearance and preference for damp habitats.Geographical Naming:The plant's name has also been adopted for geographical locations, such as the rural community of Ramarama in the Auckland Region of New Zealand. This area has historical significance, including a pā site once inhabited by the Ngāti Pou tribe.
- Traditional medicine
- Crafts
Bonus Tip
Excellent for low-maintenance gardens.
For an extra boost, consider applying a thin layer of high-quality organic mulch around the base of the plant. This helps retain soil moisture, suppresses weeds, and gradually improves soil structure as it breaks down. This simple step can make a significant difference in the plant's overall vigor and resilience, especially during periods of extreme weather.
Related Plants
Explore other native plants that share similar characteristics or habitats with Lophomyrtus Bullata ( Lophomyrtus bullata ), offering further insights into New Zealand's diverse flora. These related species provide context and opportunities for complementary planting in your garden.
Plant Conservation
Conservation Status
Lophomyrtus bullata , commonly known as ramarama or New Zealand myrtle, is an evergreen shrub endemic to New Zealand. Its conservation status is currently classified as "At Risk - Declining" by the New Zealand Threat Classification System. This status was elevated to "Threatened - Nationally Critical" in 2017/2018, primarily due to the severe impact of myrtle rust (Austropuccinia psidii), a pathogenic fungus that arrived in New Zealand in 2017. This rust can infect over 70% of plants in some areas, affecting leaves, stems, and flowers, and significantly impacts the plant's reproductive success, potentially leading to functional extinction in certain regions. Other contributing factors to its vulnerability include habitat loss from urban development, agricultural expansion, and deforestation, as well as competition from invasive plant species. Conservation efforts involve both in-situ and ex-situ strategies, including protecting existing populations, restoring native vegetation, cultivating the plant in botanical gardens to preserve genetic material, and ongoing research and monitoring.