Trowel-Leaved Greenhood
Pterostylis trullifolia
This native plant, known as Trowel-leaved Greenhood (scientific name: Pterostylis trullifolia ), is a remarkable species endemic to New Zealand. It is characterized by its unique features, ecological role, and cultural significance. This comprehensive guide provides detailed information on its care, propagation, and importance within the New Zealand ecosystem. Understanding this plant contributes to the appreciation of our rich biodiversity and heritage, and supports conservation efforts for Ferns .
Plant Description
Pterostylis trullifolia is a small terrestrial orchid, commonly known as the Trowel-leaved Greenhood. It is native to New Zealand and is characterized by its small, trowel-shaped leaves that form a rosette at the base of the plant. A single, small, translucent white and green flower is borne on a short stem. The flower has the characteristic hooded shape of the Greenhood orchids.
Quick Facts
| Scientific Name | Pterostylis trullifolia |
|---|---|
| Height | 5-15 cm |
| Spread | Forms small colonies |
| Water Needs | Moderate, prefers well-drained soil |
| Light | Light shade |
| Frost Tolerance | Tolerant |
| Salt Tolerance | Low |
| Growth Rate | Slow |
| Lifespan | Perennial |
Climate Best Suited to
This orchid is adaptable to a range of climates, found in both coastal and inland areas. It prefers a temperate climate with reliable rainfall.
Regional Suitability
| City | Climate Suitability |
|---|---|
| Auckland | Good |
| Wellington | Good |
| Christchurch | Good |
| Dunedin | Good |
| Hamilton | Good |
| Tauranga | Good |
| Nelson | Good |
| Queenstown | Moderate |
Plant Habitat
The Trowel-leaved Greenhood is found in a variety of habitats, including open forests, scrubland, and clay banks. It prefers well-drained soils and is often found in mossy areas.
Plant Conservation
Conservation of New Zealand's native flora is critical for maintaining our unique biodiversity. Protecting this species in the wild involves preserving its natural habitat and controlling invasive weeds and pests.
Cultivating this plant in gardens helps to safeguard genetic diversity and raises awareness of our botanical heritage. Always source plants from reputable nurseries that propagate from cultivated stock rather than collecting from the wild.
Growing Requirements
Soil Requirements
Requires a well-drained soil mix, typically with a high proportion of organic matter and some grit.
- Well-drained
- Humus-rich
Light Requirements
Prefers a position in light shade, avoiding direct, harsh sunlight.
- Light shade
Water Requirements
Keep moist during the growing season (autumn to spring) and allow to dry out during summer dormancy.
- Moist in growing season
- Dry in dormancy
Planting Guide
Best grown in pots in a mix suitable for terrestrial orchids. The pot can be plunged into a shady part of the garden. Ensure good drainage to prevent the tubers from rotting.
Ecological Role
Like other Greenhood Orchids, Pterostylis trullifolia is likely pollinated by fungus gnats. Its tubers are also a food source for some native animals.
Uses & Significance
Garden Uses
A delightful small orchid for a pot or a sheltered, shady corner of the garden. It is a must-have for collectors of native orchids.
- Pot culture
- Shaded gardens
- Native plant collections
The unique flowers of Greenhood Orchids were noted by Māori, who had names for various species.
- Aesthetic appeal
Ecological Value
Part of the rich biodiversity of New Zealand's terrestrial orchid flora.
- Contributes to biodiversity
Cultural Significance
This plant contributes to the rich tapestry of New Zealand's native flora, known collectively as Te Wao Nui a Tāne. While specific traditional uses may vary or be less documented for some smaller species, all native plants are considered taonga (treasures) and possess a mauri (life force).
They are integral to the cultural landscape, featuring in local biodiversity and often indicating the health of the environment.
Landscaping Uses
Due to its small size, this orchid is not a major landscaping plant, but it is a charming addition to a small-scale native planting or rock garden.
Seasonal Care Calendar
Spring
Flowers appear. Maintain moisture.
- Flowering
- Maintain moisture
Summer
Dormant period. Keep dry.
- Dormancy
- Keep dry
Autumn
Leaves emerge. Resume watering.
- Leaf growth
- Resume watering
Winter
Growth continues. Protect from heavy frost.
- Vegetative growth
- Frost protection
When to Prune and How Much
Pruning requirements are generally minimal. Remove dead, damaged, or diseased plant material to keep the plant healthy and tidy. Light pruning after flowering can encourage bushier growth and prevent legginess.
Avoid hard pruning into old wood unless the species is known to regenerate well. Always use clean, sharp tools to make clean cuts and prevent the spread of disease.
How to Grow Trowel-Leaved Greenhood
From Seed
Propagation from seed is very difficult and requires specialist knowledge and equipment.
- Not recommended for home gardeners.
From Cuttings
Not applicable.
Additional Methods
The plant produces new tubers, which can be separated during dormancy in summer.
- Separate tubers in summer.
- Replant in a suitable orchid mix.
General Propagation Tips (Seeds & Cuttings)
Successful propagation of native New Zealand plants requires attention to detail and patience. When growing from seed, it is essential to start with fresh, viable seeds collected when they are fully mature. Clean the seeds thoroughly to remove any fleshy pulp, which can inhibit germination. Sow the seeds on the surface of a seed-raising mix that is free-draining yet moisture-retentive. A mix of peat and coarse sand or perlite often works well. Cover the seeds lightly with a fine layer of grit or sieved potting mix, or leave them uncovered if they require light to germinate. Keep the trays in a sheltered, shaded spot and maintain consistent humidity; a plastic cover can help but ensure there is adequate ventilation to prevent fungal diseases. Germination can be erratic, sometimes taking several months, so do not discard the trays too early. For vegetative propagation, semi-hardwood cuttings are often the most successful method for shrubby species. Take cuttings in late summer or early autumn, selecting healthy, non-flowering shoots. Trim them to about 10-15 cm in length, making a clean cut just below a node. Remove the lower leaves and dip the cut end in rooting hormone to encourage root development. Insert the cuttings into a propagating mix, ensuring they are firm and stable. Place them in a humid environment, such as a mist unit or a covered frame, out of direct sunlight. Rooting can take anywhere from a few weeks to several months. Once roots have formed, pot the young plants into individual containers and harden them off gradually before planting out. Division is another effective method for clump-forming plants like sedges, grasses, and lilies. This is best done in autumn or early spring when the plant is actively growing. Lift the clump carefully and tease the roots apart, using two garden forks or a sharp knife if the clump is dense. Ensure each division has a good root system and healthy shoots. Replant the divisions immediately, watering them well to settle the soil around the roots. With proper care, these new plants will establish quickly and grow into healthy specimens. By employing these methods, you can successfully expand your collection of native flora and contribute to the preservation of New Zealand's unique botanical heritage.
Pests & Diseases
Generally, this native plant is robust and resistant to significant pests and diseases when grown in favorable conditions. However, stress from poor drainage or drought can make it susceptible to issues.
Monitor for common garden pests like aphids, scale insects, or slugs, particularly on young growth. Maintain good airflow around the plant to prevent fungal diseases such as mildew. In most cases, chemical intervention is not required if cultural care is adequate.
Bonus Tip
This species often forms extensive colonies of rosettes, many of which may not flower in a given year. This is natural; flowering is often triggered by environmental conditions and the maturity of the individual tubers.
Related Plants
Explore other native plants that share similar characteristics or habitats with Trowel-leaved Greenhood ( Pterostylis trullifolia ), offering further insights into New Zealand's diverse flora. These related species provide context and opportunities for complementary planting in your garden.
