Prince of Wales Feathers
Leptopteris superba
The Prince of Wales fern (Leptopteris superba) is a striking New Zealand fern. Learn more about New Zealand ferns.
Image credit: Prince of Wales Fern (Leptopteris superba). Photo by Wikipedia contributors, via Wikipedia
Quick Facts
| Scientific Name | Leptopteris superba |
|---|---|
| Height | 1–2 meters (3–6.5 ft) |
| Spread | 1–2 meters (3–6.5 ft); forms large clumps |
| Water Needs | High; requires consistently moist, humus-rich soil |
| Light | Deep shade to filtered light; avoid direct sun |
| Frost Tolerance | Moderate; tolerates light frosts when established |
| Salt Tolerance | Low; not suited to coastal exposure |
| Growth Rate | Moderate; faster in cool, damp conditions |
| Lifespan | Perennial; long-lived in suitable forest settings |
Feather Fern naturally occurs in cool, damp, shaded environments in New Zealand's native forests. It thrives in areas with high rainfall, consistent humidity, and protection from direct sunlight and wind. It is most common in montane and subalpine forests.
Regional Suitability
| City | Suitability |
|---|---|
| Whangārei | Challenging |
| Auckland | Challenging |
| Hamilton | Moderate |
| Tauranga | Challenging |
| Rotorua | Ideal |
| Gisborne | Challenging |
| New Plymouth | Moderate |
| Napier | Challenging |
| Whanganui | Moderate |
| Palmerston North | Moderate |
| Wellington | Moderate |
| Nelson | Ideal |
| Christchurch | Moderate |
| Dunedin | Ideal |
| Invercargill | Ideal |
Soil Requirements
Feather Fern performs best in the following soil conditions:
- Rich, humus-filled soil with high organic content
- Consistently moist but not waterlogged
- Well-draining yet moisture-retentive
- Slightly acidic pH (5.5-6.5)
- Similar to natural forest floor conditions
Light Requirements
This fern requires specific light conditions to thrive:
- Deep shade to filtered light
- Protection from direct sunlight, which can scorch fronds
- Ideal locations include south-facing aspects or under dense tree canopy
- Morning light with afternoon shade can work in cooler regions
- Consistent dappled light mimics its natural forest habitat
Water Requirements
Consistent moisture is critical for this fern:
- Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged
- Regular watering, especially during dry periods
- Benefits from high atmospheric humidity
- Misting fronds regularly helps maintain humidity
- Mulching helps retain soil moisture
Temperature Tolerance
Feather Fern prefers cool conditions:
- Thrives in cool, temperate climates
- Optimal temperature range: 10-20°C (50-68°F)
- Can tolerate light frosts when established
- Struggles in hot, dry conditions
- Protection from hot, drying winds is essential
Ornamental Value
- Highly prized as a feature fern in shaded gardens and native plant collections due to its delicate, feathery fronds and striking appearance.
- Ideal for woodland gardens, ferneries, and as an understorey plant in moist, sheltered locations.
- Provides habitat and shelter for native invertebrates and contributes to the biodiversity of New Zealand’s forest ecosystems.
- Helps maintain soil moisture and structure in forest understorey environments.
- Admired for its beauty and sometimes used in floral arrangements, though it is best appreciated in its natural habitat or cultivated garden settings.
- Represents the unique diversity of New Zealand’s native fern flora.
Seasonal Care
Spring
Monitor for new frond growth and keep soil consistently moist. Remove any old or damaged fronds.
Summer
Provide shade and regular watering during hot, dry periods. Mulch to retain soil moisture.
Autumn
Reduce watering as temperatures drop. Remove spent fronds and tidy the plant.
Winter
Protect from frost and cold winds. Minimal watering is needed, but do not let the soil dry out completely.
Pruning
Leptopteris superba (Creeping Shield Fern) generally requires minimal pruning. Remove dead or damaged fronds at the base to encourage healthy new growth. Pruning is best done in late winter or early spring. Avoid cutting healthy fronds, as this can reduce the plant’s vigor. Regularly clearing debris helps prevent disease and maintains a tidy appearance.
Planting Guide
Prince of Wales Fern (Leptopteris superba) thrives in moist, shaded environments with rich, well-draining soil. Plant with the crown just above soil level and water regularly, especially during dry spells. Mulch to retain moisture and protect roots. Avoid direct sunlight, which can scorch the fronds.
Propagation
Leptopteris superba can be propagated from spores, which are collected from mature fronds. Sow spores on moist, sterile substrate and keep in a humid, shaded environment. Division of established clumps is also possible but less common.
Cultural History
Leptopteris superba, known as Prince of Wales Feathers, is admired for its delicate, feathery fronds and is a symbol of the unique diversity of New Zealand’s native fern flora. While not as widely used in traditional Māori weaving as some other ferns, it is valued for its ornamental beauty in gardens and natural landscapes. The fern is sometimes featured in botanical art and is a favorite among plant enthusiasts and collectors. Its presence in native forests is a reminder of the rich botanical heritage of Aotearoa New Zealand.
Pests & Diseases
Leptopteris superba is generally pest-free but may occasionally be affected by slugs, snails, or scale insects. Overwatering or poor drainage can lead to root rot. Remove affected fronds and improve air circulation to prevent fungal issues.
Bonus Tip
Leptopteris superba thrives in consistently moist, shaded environments—mulch well and avoid direct sun for best results.
Cultural Significance
Learn more about the cultural significance of native trees in Cultural Plants.
