Turner's Kōhūhū
Pittosporum turneri
This native plant, known as Pittosporum turneri(scientific name: Pittosporum turneri), is a remarkable species endemic to New Zealand. It is characterized by its unique features, ecological role, and cultural significance. This comprehensive guide provides detailed information on its care, propagation, and importance within the New Zealand ecosystem. Understanding this plant contributes to the appreciation of our rich biodiversity and heritage, and supports conservation efforts for Browse All.
Plant Description
Identification and Physical Characteristics
Turner's Kōhūhū ( Pittosporum turneri ), also known as the tent pole tree, is a rare small tree endemic to New Zealand, classified as Nationally Vulnerable Discover more about native grasses. It is a small tree, growing up to 8 meters tall. It exhibits a distinct change in form as it matures. Young plants are cylindrical shrubs with dark grey bark and interlacing, zig-zagging branches. Adult trees develop a spreading canopy. Juvenile plants have small (0.5-2 cm long), oblong, glossy, leathery leaves of varying shape and colour. As the plant ages, the leaves become strap-like, longer (3-5 cm) and up to 1 cm wide, with smooth or slightly wavy margins. Adult leaves are coriaceous (leathery), 30-60 mm long and 5-10 mm wide, dark green, often flushed with red, and can be oblanceolate, obovate, or linear-lanceolate in shape. The plant produces small, fragrant flowers that bloom in clusters between October and December. The flowers are typically pink or red-pink, sometimes completely white, with five petals that recurve almost to the base. They are night-fragrant. The fruit is a subglobose capsule, 7-10 mm in diameter, which splits into two valves. The mucilage inside is dark red, and it contains 5-8 glossy black seeds.
Quick Facts
| Scientific Name | Pittosporum turneri |
|---|---|
| Height | 4-8 m |
| Spread | 2-4 m |
| Water Needs | Moderate |
| Light | Sun to partial shade |
| Frost Tolerance | Moderate; protect from severe frosts |
| Salt Tolerance | Moderate; tolerates some coastal exposure |
| Growth Rate | Moderate |
| Lifespan | Long-lived |
Climate Best Suited to
Pittosporum turneriis well adapted to various New Zealand regions.
Regional Suitability
| City | Climate Suitability |
|---|---|
| Auckland | High |
| Wellington | High |
| Christchurch | Medium |
Plant Habitat
Natural Occurrence and Ecology
Turner's Kōhūhū (Pittosporum turneri), also known as the tent pole tree, is a rare small tree endemic to the central North Island of New Zealand. It is classified as Nationally Vulnerable, highlighting its restricted distribution and the importance of conservation efforts.Montane to Subalpine:It is typically found in montane to subalpine areas, growing at forest margins, frost flats, and in grey scrub alongside streams.Specific Distribution:Its distribution ranges from southern Pureora across the Volcanic Plateau to the northwest Ruahine Range.Habitat Loss:This species is considered threatened due to habitat modification and loss from land development or succession to tall forest.Browsing by Possums:It is highly susceptible to browsing by possums, which heavily consume its adult foliage, further endangering its populations.Lack of Seed Dispersal:Its fruit dispersal is affected by a lack of birds, impacting its ability to regenerate naturally.Weed Invasion:It is also vulnerable to weed invasion and habitat loss through natural succession as vegetation matures.The unique ecological niche of Turner's Kōhūhū in these specific montane and subalpine environments underscores its importance in the biodiversity of New Zealand's central North Island. Its vulnerable status necessitates ongoing conservation efforts to protect its remaining populations and habitats.
Growing Requirements
Soil Requirements
Prefers well-draining soil rich in organic matter.
- Well-drained
- Loamy
Light Requirements
Grows best in partial to full sun.
- Full Sun
- Partial Shade
Water Requirements
Requires regular watering during dry periods.
- Regular
- Drought tolerant once established
Planting and Establishing
Establishment Guidance
Plant Pittosporum turneriin a hole twice the width of the root ball.
Proper establishment is key to long-term success. Ensure the planting hole is twice as wide as the root ball and backfill with a mix of native soil and organic compost. Initial watering should be thorough, followed by regular monitoring during the first two growing seasons to ensure the plant becomes well-anchored and resilient to local climate fluctuations.
Ecological Role
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Impact
Provides habitat and food for native fauna.
This species plays a vital role in its local ecosystem, providing essential habitat and food sources for native biodiversity. Its presence supports complex ecological interactions, contributing to the overall health and stability of the environment. By planting this native, you help maintain the intricate web of life that defines New Zealand's unique natural heritage.
Uses & Significance
Garden Uses
Ideal for rock gardens and native borders.
- Rock gardens
- Ground cover
Ecological Value
Supports local pollinators.
- Birds
- Insects
The versatility of this plant makes it a valuable addition to many New Zealand gardens. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, it offers practical benefits such as soil stabilization and shelter for smaller plants. Its historical and modern uses highlight its enduring importance in both traditional practices and contemporary landscape design, making it a thoughtful choice for any restoration or gardening project.
Landscaping Uses
Adds texture and form to modern landscapes.
In a landscape setting, this plant provides excellent structure and year-round interest. Its unique form and foliage can be used to create focal points or as a cohesive element in a larger native planting scheme. It pairs well with other New Zealand natives, allowing for the creation of diverse and resilient garden environments that reflect the natural beauty of Aotearoa.
Seasonal Care Calendar
Spring
Mulch and apply balanced fertilizer.
- Fertilize
- Mulch
Summer
Water deeply during dry spells.
- Water
- Check for pests
Autumn
Tidy up any dead foliage.
- Prune lightly
- Plant new specimens
Winter
Protect from heavy frosts if necessary.
- Frost protection
When to Prune and How Much
Minimal pruning required to maintain shape.
- Remove dead branches
Always use clean, sharp tools.
Regular maintenance through careful pruning ensures the plant remains healthy and maintains its desired shape. Focus on removing dead or diseased wood to promote better air circulation and prevent the spread of pathogens. Proper pruning techniques help the plant direct its energy toward new growth, resulting in a more robust and aesthetically pleasing specimen in your garden.
How to Grow Turner's Kōhūhū
Cultivating Pittosporum turneri(Pittosporum turneri) is a rewarding endeavor for any gardener interested in New Zealand's unique flora. This species can be propagated through several methods, each requiring specific conditions to ensure healthy growth and establishment. Successful propagation depends on mimicking the plant's natural environment and providing consistent care during the early stages of development.
From Seed
Propagation from seed is often the most effective way to produce a large number of Pittosporum turneriplants. Seeds should be collected when they are fully mature. Freshly collected seeds generally have higher germination rates than those that have been stored for long periods.
Sow fresh seeds in a seed-raising mix.
- Collect seeds
- Sow in trays
Keep moist until germination.
From Cuttings
For those wishing to replicate specific characteristics of a parent plant, vegetative propagation via cuttings is the preferred method. This technique ensures that the new plants are genetically identical to the source. Semi-hardwood cuttings taken during the appropriate season usually yield the best results for this species.
Take semi-hardwood cuttings in late summer.
- Take cuttings
- Use rooting hormone
Additional Methods
Depending on the growth habit of Pittosporum turneri, other methods such as division or layering might also be viable options. Division is particularly suitable for plants that form dense clumps or have spreading root systems, while layering can be used for species with trailing or flexible stems.
Division can be done in early spring.
- Divide clumps
- Replant immediately
Pests & Diseases
Generally resistant to major pests.
While generally resilient, maintaining optimal growing conditions is the best defense against pests and diseases. Regular monitoring allows for early detection of any issues, which can often be managed through cultural practices or organic interventions. Ensuring good air circulation and appropriate watering will significantly reduce the plant's susceptibility to common environmental stresses and pathogens.
Cultural Significance
WhilePittosporum turneri, also known as Turner's kōhūhū or the tent pole tree, is a rare New Zealand native tree, specific traditional uses are not widely documented. Today it is valued primarily in conservation plantings and restoration, especially where possum control is in place.However, other species within the Pittosporum genus, such as Pittosporum eugenioides (tarata) and Pittosporum tenuifolium (kōhūhū), were culturally significant to Māori. Fragrant plants, including tarata, were sought after by Māori for use as scent or body lotion, with their resinous sap and crushed leaves mixed with plant oils. The kōhūhū (Pittosporum tenuifolium) is also noted for its noticeable scent at night during spring.Pittosporum turneriis endemic to New Zealand's central North Island and is considered nationally vulnerable due to threats like possum browsing and habitat loss. It is a small tree that can grow up to 8 meters tall, with red-pink flowers that have a light scent in spring.
- Traditional medicine
- Crafts
Bonus Tip
Excellent for low-maintenance gardens.
For an extra boost, consider applying a thin layer of high-quality organic mulch around the base of the plant. This helps retain soil moisture, suppresses weeds, and gradually improves soil structure as it breaks down. This simple step can make a significant difference in the plant's overall vigor and resilience, especially during periods of extreme weather.
Related Plants
Explore other native plants that share similar characteristics or habitats with Pittosporum Turneri (Pittosporum turneri), offering further insights into New Zealand's diverse flora. These related species provide context and opportunities for complementary planting in your garden.
Plant Conservation
Conservation Status
Pittosporum turneri, also known as Turner's kōhūhū or the tent pole tree, is a species endemic to New Zealand and is currently classified as "Nationally Vulnerable." The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List also listed it as "Conservation Dependent" in 1998.Despite an estimated 30,000-50,000 plants in the wild, fewer than 400 are mature adult specimens, which significantly contributes to its vulnerable status.Possums:Adult foliage is a favourite food source for possums.Deer and Goats:Saplings are suspected to be eaten by deer and goats.Habitat Modification and Loss:This is due to land development for grazing and forestry, as well as natural succession where its habitat requires frequent disturbance to be maintained.Weed Invasion:Many sites are vulnerable to invasive weeds.Skewed Sex Ratios and Hybridism:Some populations exhibit skewed sex ratios or hybridize with other Pittosporum species, impacting reproductive success.