<i>Elaeocarpus hookerianus</i>(Elaeocarpus hookerianus) hero image

Pōkākā

Elaeocarpus hookerianus

Not specified

This native plant, known as Pōkākā (scientific name: Elaeocarpus hookerianus ), is a remarkable species endemic to New Zealand. It is characterized by its unique features, ecological role, and cultural significance. This comprehensive guide provides detailed information on its care, propagation, and importance within the New Zealand ecosystem. Understanding this plant contributes to the appreciation of our rich biodiversity and heritage, and supports conservation efforts for Browse All .

<i>Elaeocarpus hookerianus</i>(Elaeocarpus hookerianus) showing <i>Elaeocarpus hookerianus</i>growth habit
Image credit: Pōkākā ( Elaeocarpus hookerianus ) - Photo via Wikipedia

Plant Description

Identification and Physical Characteristics

Elaeocarpus hookerianus , commonly known as Pōkākā, is a native forest tree of New Zealand Discover more about native ferns. It is notable for its distinctive juvenile form, characterized by interlaced branches with tiny leaves, which is sometimes considered an evolutionary adaptation to avoid damage from the extinct moa birds. As it matures, the tree develops larger, light green or olive-green serrated leaves and a dense canopy. It flowers from late spring to early summer (October to January), producing delicate white blossoms that hang in small clusters. These are followed by dark purple, oval-shaped, fleshy fruits that resemble olives, appearing from November to March and sometimes extending to June.

Quick Facts

Elaeocarpus hookerianus quick facts
Scientific Name Elaeocarpus hookerianus
Height 15-20m
Spread 3-5m
Water Needs Moderate
Light Full sun to part shade
Frost Tolerance Moderate
Salt Tolerance Moderate
Growth Rate Medium
Lifespan Long

Climate Best Suited to

Elaeocarpus hookerianus is well adapted to various New Zealand regions.

Regional Suitability

City suitability for Elaeocarpus hookerianus
City Climate Suitability
Auckland High
Wellington High
Christchurch Medium

Plant Habitat

Natural Occurrence and Ecology

Pōkākā ( Elaeocarpus hookerianus ) is found throughout New Zealand's lowland to montane forests, being endemic to the North, South, and Stewart Islands. While common in most regions, it is uncommon north of Auckland. This adaptable tree thrives in a variety of forest environments, from valley floors to mountainous areas, often growing on river terraces and lowland plains in association with kahikatea in damp lowland forests.The species grows naturally in beech and podocarp forest communities, particularly alongside kahikatea forests. It demonstrates remarkable adaptability to different soil conditions, including poorly drained sites, and can withstand high winds even in insubstantial soils.

Growing Requirements

Soil Requirements

Prefers well-draining soil rich in organic matter.

  • Well-drained
  • Loamy

Light Requirements

Grows best in partial to full sun.

  • Full Sun
  • Partial Shade

Water Requirements

Requires regular watering during dry periods.

  • Regular
  • Drought tolerant once established

Planting and Establishing

Establishment Guidance

Plant Elaeocarpus hookerianus in a hole twice the width of the root ball.

Proper establishment is key to long-term success. Ensure the planting hole is twice as wide as the root ball and backfill with a mix of native soil and organic compost. Initial watering should be thorough, followed by regular monitoring during the first two growing seasons to ensure the plant becomes well-anchored and resilient to local climate fluctuations.

Ecological Role

Biodiversity and Ecosystem Impact

Provides habitat and food for native fauna.

This species plays a vital role in its local ecosystem, providing essential habitat and food sources for native biodiversity. Its presence supports complex ecological interactions, contributing to the overall health and stability of the environment. By planting this native, you help maintain the intricate web of life that defines New Zealand's unique natural heritage.

Uses & Significance

Garden Uses

Ideal for rock gardens and native borders.

  • Rock gardens
  • Ground cover

Ecological Value

Supports local pollinators.

  • Birds
  • Insects

The versatility of this plant makes it a valuable addition to many New Zealand gardens. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, it offers practical benefits such as soil stabilization and shelter for smaller plants. Its historical and modern uses highlight its enduring importance in both traditional practices and contemporary landscape design, making it a thoughtful choice for any restoration or gardening project.

Landscaping Uses

Adds texture and form to modern landscapes.

In a landscape setting, this plant provides excellent structure and year-round interest. Its unique form and foliage can be used to create focal points or as a cohesive element in a larger native planting scheme. It pairs well with other New Zealand natives, allowing for the creation of diverse and resilient garden environments that reflect the natural beauty of Aotearoa.

Seasonal Care Calendar

Spring

Mulch and apply balanced fertilizer.

  • Fertilize
  • Mulch

Summer

Water deeply during dry spells.

  • Water
  • Check for pests

Autumn

Tidy up any dead foliage.

  • Prune lightly
  • Plant new specimens

Winter

Protect from heavy frosts if necessary.

  • Frost protection

When to Prune and How Much

Minimal pruning required to maintain shape.

  • Remove dead branches

Always use clean, sharp tools.

Regular maintenance through careful pruning ensures the plant remains healthy and maintains its desired shape. Focus on removing dead or diseased wood to promote better air circulation and prevent the spread of pathogens. Proper pruning techniques help the plant direct its energy toward new growth, resulting in a more robust and aesthetically pleasing specimen in your garden.

How to Grow Pōkākā

Cultivating Elaeocarpus hookerianus ( Elaeocarpus hookerianus ) is a rewarding endeavor for any gardener interested in New Zealand's unique flora. This species can be propagated through several methods, each requiring specific conditions to ensure healthy growth and establishment. Successful propagation depends on mimicking the plant's natural environment and providing consistent care during the early stages of development.

From Seed

Propagation from seed is often the most effective way to produce a large number of Elaeocarpus hookerianus plants. Seeds should be collected when they are fully mature. Freshly collected seeds generally have higher germination rates than those that have been stored for long periods.

Sow fresh seeds in a seed-raising mix.

  1. Collect seeds
  2. Sow in trays

Keep moist until germination.

From Cuttings

For those wishing to replicate specific characteristics of a parent plant, vegetative propagation via cuttings is the preferred method. This technique ensures that the new plants are genetically identical to the source. Semi-hardwood cuttings taken during the appropriate season usually yield the best results for this species.

Take semi-hardwood cuttings in late summer.

  1. Take cuttings
  2. Use rooting hormone

Additional Methods

Depending on the growth habit of Elaeocarpus hookerianus , other methods such as division or layering might also be viable options. Division is particularly suitable for plants that form dense clumps or have spreading root systems, while layering can be used for species with trailing or flexible stems.

Division can be done in early spring.

  1. Divide clumps
  2. Replant immediately

Pests & Diseases

Generally resistant to major pests.

While generally resilient, maintaining optimal growing conditions is the best defense against pests and diseases. Regular monitoring allows for early detection of any issues, which can often be managed through cultural practices or organic interventions. Ensuring good air circulation and appropriate watering will significantly reduce the plant's susceptibility to common environmental stresses and pathogens.

Cultural Significance

Known by its Māori name p kākā, Elaeocarpus hookerianus has been part of New Zealand's cultural and natural heritage for centuries. The tree's distinctive growth form and fruit have made it recognizable to generations of New Zealanders, and its role in native forest ecosystems connects it to traditional Māori understanding of forest relationships.The species name "hookerianus" honors Sir Joseph Hooker, the prominent 19th-century botanist who conducted extensive botanical explorations in New Zealand, highlighting the tree's significance in New Zealand's botanical history and scientific heritage.

  • Traditional medicine
  • Crafts

Bonus Tip

Excellent for low-maintenance gardens.

For an extra boost, consider applying a thin layer of high-quality organic mulch around the base of the plant. This helps retain soil moisture, suppresses weeds, and gradually improves soil structure as it breaks down. This simple step can make a significant difference in the plant's overall vigor and resilience, especially during periods of extreme weather.

Plant Conservation

Conservation Status

Pōkākā ( Elaeocarpus hookerianus ) has a conservation status of "Not Threatened" as of 2023, though it is regionally critical in the Auckland area where it becomes uncommon. The species is endemic to New Zealand and plays an important role in native forest ecosystems, though it remains sparsely distributed throughout the North Island.While not currently under threat nationally, the regional rarity in northern areas highlights the importance of conservation efforts and habitat protection. The species' role in native forest communities and its ecological relationships with native wildlife make it a valuable component of New Zealand's biodiversity.