Hen & Chickens Fern (Asplenium bulbiferum)
Asplenium bulbiferum
Hen and Chickens Fern (Asplenium bulbiferum) is a lush, attractive native fern of New Zealand, known for its arching fronds and the small plantlets ("chickens") that grow on them. It thrives in moist, shaded environments and is popular in gardens for its ornamental value and ease of propagation. Learn more about New Zealand ferns
Image credit: Hen and Chickens Fern (Asplenium bulbiferum). Photo via Wikipedia
Quick Facts
| Scientific Name | Asplenium bulbiferum |
|---|---|
| Height | Up to 1 m (fronds) |
| Spread | 1–1.5 m (clumping habit) |
| Water Needs | High; prefers consistently moist soil |
| Light | Dappled to deep shade (tolerates some morning sun) |
| Frost Tolerance | Moderate (tolerates light frost, protect from severe frost) |
| Salt Tolerance | Low (not tolerant of coastal salt) |
| Growth Rate | Moderate to fast |
| Lifespan | Perennial (long-lived in suitable conditions) |
Hen and Chickens Fern is native to the forests of New Zealand, where it thrives in cool, moist, sheltered environments. It is found throughout the country in suitable habitats, particularly in damp, shaded areas of native bush. It prefers areas with consistent moisture and protection from direct sunlight and drying winds.
Regional Suitability
| City | Climate Suitability |
|---|---|
| Whangārei | Ideal |
| Auckland | Ideal |
| Hamilton | Ideal |
| Tauranga | Ideal |
| Rotorua | Ideal |
| Gisborne | Moderate |
| New Plymouth | Ideal |
| Napier | Moderate |
| Whanganui | Ideal |
| Palmerston North | Ideal |
| Wellington | Ideal |
| Nelson | Ideal |
| Christchurch | Moderate |
| Dunedin | Ideal |
| Invercargill | Moderate |
Soil Requirements
Hen and Chickens Fern performs best in the following soil conditions:
- Rich, humus-filled soil
- Good moisture retention
- Well-draining but consistently damp
- Slightly acidic to neutral pH (5.5-7.0)
- Benefits from added leaf mold or composted bark
- Tolerates a range of soil types if moisture is adequate
Light Requirements
This fern prefers shaded conditions:
- Dappled to deep shade
- Protection from direct sunlight, especially midday sun
- Morning sun tolerated in cooler regions
- Ideal under canopy of taller trees or shrubs
- Can tolerate more light if soil remains consistently moist
- Avoid hot, dry, exposed positions
Water Requirements
Hen and Chickens Fern requires high moisture levels to thrive.
- Keep soil consistently moist, but avoid waterlogging.
- Water deeply when soil dries out, but allow it to dry slightly between waterings.
- In dry conditions, mist the fronds regularly to increase humidity.
- During winter, reduce watering slightly to prevent root rot.
Fertilization
Fertilize Hen and Chickens Fern in early spring and late summer.
- Use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer.
- Apply at half strength during the growing season.
- Avoid over-fertilizing, which can lead to excessive leaf growth and poor root development.
Garden Uses
- Ornamental fern for shaded gardens
Cultural Significance
- Used in traditional Māori medicine and weaving
Ecological Value
- Provides habitat for insects and ground cover in forests
Spring
- New fronds emerge, keep soil moist
Summer
- Water regularly, avoid drying out
Autumn
- Remove old fronds, divide if needed
Winter
- Protect from frost, mulch base
Pruning
Remove old or damaged fronds at the base as needed. Pruning is best done in late winter or early spring before new growth appears. Avoid cutting healthy fronds, as this can reduce the plant's vigor.
Planting Guide
- Choose a shaded, sheltered site with rich, moist soil.
- Dig a hole twice the width of the root ball.
- Plant at the same depth as in the pot.
- Backfill and firm gently.
- Water well after planting and mulch to retain moisture.
Propagation
Propagate easily from plantlets (bulbils) that form on the fronds. These can be potted up once roots appear. Division of mature clumps in spring is also effective. Spore propagation is possible but more challenging and slow.
Cultural History
Asplenium bulbiferum has been used in traditional Māori medicine and weaving. Its lush fronds are a familiar sight in New Zealand forests and gardens, and it is valued for its ease of propagation and ornamental appeal.
Pests & Diseases
Generally pest-free, but may be affected by scale insects or root rot in poorly drained soils. Keep soil moist but not waterlogged, and remove any infested fronds promptly.
Grow Hen and Chickens Fern in a sheltered, shady spot for lush, healthy fronds and easy propagation from plantlets.
