Grass-like Astelia
Astelia graminea
A fine-leaved, grass-like Astelia forming compact clumps of narrow, strappy foliage. Naturally found in cool, well-drained habitats with shelter and steady moisture. Suitable for woodland edges, rock gardens and containers in temperate districts. ground-cover .
Plant Description
Clump-forming, evergreen monocot with narrow, linear leaves. Flowers small in panicles; female plants bear berries. The slender habit suits smaller gardens and mixed plantings.
Quick Facts
| Scientific Name | Astelia graminea |
|---|---|
| Family | Asteliaceae |
| Form | Fine, clump-forming evergreen with narrow leaves |
| Light | Bright shade to part sun |
| Soil | Moist, free-draining, humus-rich |
| Water | Moderate; consistent moisture |
| Height | 20-80 cm (tufting) |
| Spread | Clump-forming to 40-60 cm |
| Water Needs | Low to moderate; free-draining soils |
| Frost Tolerance | High - tolerant of severe freezes |
| Salt Tolerance | Low to moderate |
| Growth Rate | Slow to moderate |
| Lifespan | Long-lived perennial |
Climate Best Suited to
Temperate climates with shelter and steady moisture; avoid hot, exposed sites.
Regional Suitability
| City | Climate Suitability |
|---|---|
| Wellington | Ideal |
| Nelson | Ideal |
| Christchurch | Ideal |
| Auckland | Moderate |
| Whangārei | Suitable |
| Hamilton | Suitable |
| Tauranga | Suitable |
| Rotorua | Suitable |
| Gisborne | Suitable |
| New Plymouth | Suitable |
| Napier | Suitable |
| Whanganui | Suitable |
| Palmerston North | Suitable |
| Dunedin | Suitable |
| Invercargill | Suitable |
Natural Habitat
Alpine Grasslands
Astelia graminea is endemic to the northern South Island, found from the Wairau Mountains to Gouland Downs (Nelson/Marlborough). It is a true alpine plant, thriving in high-altitude tussock grasslands and herbfields. It often co-exists with the carpet grass Chionochloa australis, forming part of the dense ground cover in these exposed environments.
Conservation Status
Current Status
Classified as "Not Threatened". It has a stable population within its natural alpine range. As an endemic species, it is an important component of New Zealand's unique alpine biodiversity.
Growing Requirements
Soil
Humus-rich but free-draining; add leaf mould and fine bark.
Light
Bright shade; protect from intense afternoon sun in summer.
Water
Moderate; keep evenly moist, especially during establishment.
Planting Guide
Cultivation
In the garden, Astelia graminea prefers a sunny, open position which helps maintain its compact habit and foliage colour. It requires free-draining, gritty soil similar to its alpine home. It is tolerant of frost, wind, and cold conditions but dislikes warm, humid climates where it may rot. Perfect for rock gardens, scree beds, or trough planters.
Ecological Role
Lifecycle
This small herb produces insignificant greenish to reddish flowers in summer (January), which attract native bees and flies. These are followed by fleshy, bright orange berries in autumn (March-April). The fruit provides food for native lizards and birds, which in turn help disperse the seeds.
Uses
Landscape Value
Valued for its grass-like, textural foliage and low, spreading habit. It is an excellent groundcover for alpine or rock gardens, providing contrast against stone and other plants. Its small stature makes it ideal for container gardening and troughs where its details can be appreciated.
Landscaping Uses
Garden Design Applications
Excellent for rock gardens, alpine collections, and naturalistic plantings. Best used in open, well-drained positions where its distinctive form can be appreciated. Combines well with other native alpine plants and provides year-round structure. Consider placement carefully due to sharp foliage - avoid high-traffic areas. Creates dramatic focal points in contemporary and native-themed garden designs.
Seasonal Care
Year-Round Maintenance
Spring management focuses on removing winter-damaged foliage and assessing drainage. Summer care emphasizes maintaining adequate moisture without waterlogging. Autumn preparation includes reducing irrigation and ensuring good air circulation. Winter protection may require covering in areas subject to excessive moisture. Year-round monitoring ensures early detection of problems and maintenance of optimal growing conditions.
Pruning
Maintenance
Little pruning is required. In early spring, you can gently pull away or trim off any dead or brown leaves from the base of the clumps to tidy the plant. This helps improve air circulation and keeps the cushion-like form neat.
How to Grow Grass-like Astelia
From Seed
Propagation from seed is possible for Astelia graminea. Collect the bright orange berries when ripe (typically March-April) and clean the seeds thoroughly to remove any fleshy pulp, which can inhibit germination. While some sources suggest seeds can germinate without pre-treatment, a period of cold stratification for about four weeks can significantly improve germination rates and uniformity by mimicking natural winter conditions. Sow the cleaned seeds thinly onto a well-draining seed-raising mix, covering them lightly with fine grit or sand. Keep the growing medium consistently moist but not waterlogged. Germination can be variable and may take several weeks to a few months. Once seedlings are established and large enough to handle, carefully transplant them into individual pots.
From Division
Division is the most reliable and common method for propagating Astelia graminea, and it's also an excellent way to rejuvenate older plants or to increase your stock. The ideal time for division is during the cooler months of spring or early autumn. Carefully lift the entire clump from its growing position. Gently separate the plant into smaller sections, ensuring that each division has a healthy root system and a reasonable amount of foliage or shoots. Trim any damaged roots or yellowing leaves. Replant the divisions immediately into their permanent locations or into pots with fresh, well-draining potting mix. Water thoroughly after replanting to help settle the soil around the roots.
General Cultivation
Astelia graminea is a versatile and attractive plant for temperate gardens, particularly prized for its distinctive foliage. It thrives in a sunny position, which often enhances the bronze and silvery tones in its leaves, though it can tolerate lower light levels. The key to successful cultivation is free-draining soil; it is highly intolerant of waterlogged conditions, which can lead to root rot. While hardy to frost, drought, and wind, it dislikes warm and humid climates, making it less suitable for northern, subtropical regions of New Zealand. In drier periods, ensure consistent moisture, especially during establishment. Pruning is minimal; simply remove any dead or unsightly leaves from the base of the plant in early spring to maintain a tidy appearance and promote good air circulation. It is an excellent choice for rock gardens, containers, or as a low-maintenance groundcover.
Pests and Diseases
Health Issues
Generally pest-free in suitable climates. The main risk is root rot or crown rot if grown in heavy, waterlogged soils or humid environments. Good drainage and air movement are essential for prevention. Aphids may occasionally attack new growth.
Cultural Significance
Botanical Heritage
While specific uses for this alpine species are not well-documented, the genus Astelia (known generally as Kakaha) was significant to Māori for weaving and food. Astelia graminea represents the specialized adaptation of this diverse genus to harsh alpine zones.
Bonus Tip
Not a Grass
Despite its specific name graminea (meaning "grass-like") and its appearance, this plant is actually a member of the Asteliaceae family, related to lilies. This makes it a unique "pseudo-grass" for adding texture to gardens without the invasiveness of some true grasses.
