Gossamer Grass
Anemanthele lessoniana
This native plant, known as Gossamer Grass (scientific name: Anemanthele lessoniana ), is a remarkable species endemic to New Zealand. It is characterized by its unique features, ecological role, and cultural significance. This comprehensive guide provides detailed information on its care, propagation, and importance within the New Zealand ecosystem. Understanding this plant contributes to the appreciation of our rich biodiversity and heritage, and supports conservation efforts for Browse All .
Plant Description
Identification and Physical Characteristics
Anemanthele lessoniana is a graceful, evergreen perennial grass, forming dense, arching clumps typically reaching 0.5 to 1 meter in height and spreading 1 to 1.5 meters wide. Its most distinctive feature is its fine, hair-like foliage that shimmers and sways in the slightest breeze, earning it the common name "gossamer grass" or "wind grass."The leaves are narrow, linear, and have a unique coloration that changes throughout the seasons. In spring and summer, the foliage is a vibrant green, often with hints of gold or orange. As autumn progresses and temperatures cool, the leaves transition to rich shades of copper, bronze, and red, providing spectacular year-round interest. This seasonal colour transformation is one of its most appealing ornamental qualities.In late spring to early summer, delicate, airy flower panicles emerge from the foliage, rising slightly above the main clump. These inflorescences are typically reddish-purple or coppery, adding to the plant's ethereal appearance. The seeds that follow are small and numerous, and the plant readily self-seeds in favorable conditions. The overall habit is fountain-like, creating a soft, flowing effect in the landscape.
Quick Facts
| Scientific Name | Anemanthele lessoniana |
|---|---|
| Height | 0.5-1 m |
| Spread | 1-1.5 m |
| Water Needs | Low to moderate |
| Light | Full sun to partial shade |
| Frost Tolerance | High |
| Salt Tolerance | Moderate |
| Growth Rate | Moderate |
| Lifespan | Perennial |
Climate Best Suited to
Anemanthele lessoniana is well adapted to various New Zealand regions.
Regional Suitability
| City | Climate Suitability |
|---|---|
| Auckland | High |
| Wellington | High |
| Christchurch | Medium |
Plant Habitat
Natural Occurrence and Ecology
Anemanthele lessoniana is indigenous to New Zealand, where it is found in a variety of habitats across both the North and South Islands. This adaptability contributes to its widespread appeal as an ornamental grass. It typically grows in:Coastal Areas:Often found on coastal cliffs and dunes, where it tolerates some exposure to salt spray and wind.Open Forests and Forest Margins:Thrives in the dappled light of open forests, forest edges, and clearings, particularly in areas with good drainage.Grasslands and Shrublands:A common component of native grasslands and shrublands, especially on drier slopes and banks.Disturbed Sites:It can colonize disturbed areas, such as road cuttings and landslides, demonstrating its resilience and pioneering capabilities.While it can tolerate a range of conditions, it generally prefers well-drained soils and is often found in sites that are not waterlogged. Its natural distribution reflects its ability to adapt to both sunny and partially shaded locations, making it a versatile plant in its native environment.
Growing Requirements
Soil Requirements
Prefers well-draining soil rich in organic matter.
- Well-drained
- Loamy
Light Requirements
Grows best in partial to full sun.
- Full Sun
- Partial Shade
Water Requirements
Requires regular watering during dry periods.
- Regular
- Drought tolerant once established
Planting and Establishing
Establishment Guidance
To successfully establish Anemanthele lessoniana , choose a position that receives full sun to partial shade. It thrives in well-draining soil that is moderately fertile and rich in organic matter, though it can tolerate poor, dry, or sandy sites once established. When planting, dig a hole slightly larger than the root ball and incorporate some compost to help with moisture retention. It is best to plant in spring or autumn, avoiding the extreme heat of summer. Space individual clumps at least 1 meter apart to allow for their graceful, arching habit to develop fully.
Ecological Role
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Impact
Pheasant's Tail Grass plays an important role in its native New Zealand ecosystems by providing shelter and habitat for various beneficial insects and small invertebrates. It is a resilient species that can be used in ecological restoration projects, particularly in dry forest margins and coastal areas. As an "At Risk" species in the wild, its cultivation in gardens helps preserve its genetic diversity. Its feathery flowerheads and dense clumps contribute to the structural complexity of the habitat, supporting a range of native fauna.
Uses & Significance
Garden Uses
This grass is highly valued as an ornamental plant, earning the RHS Award of Garden Merit. It is perfect for adding movement, texture, and colour to garden borders, rockeries, and large containers. The foliage provides year-round interest, transitioning through shades of green, copper, orange, and gold. Its feathery summer flowerheads are also excellent for use in dried flower arrangements, adding a touch of natural elegance to indoor displays.
- Ornamental borders
- Container gardening
- Dried flower arrangements
Ecological Value
Cultivating this native species supports local biodiversity by providing habitat for native insects. It is an excellent choice for low-maintenance and water-wise landscaping, contributing to sustainable gardening practices. Its ability to tolerate wind and salt spray makes it a valuable addition to coastal gardens and erosion control projects.
- Insect habitat
- Sustainability
Landscaping Uses
In modern landscaping, Anemanthele lessoniana is used to create a dramatic, billowing effect, especially when planted in mass groupings. Its versatile form makes it suitable as a specimen plant, a focal point in a prairie-style garden, or as a softening element alongside paved paths and retaining walls. The colour changes of the foliage offer a dynamic visual element that shifts with the seasons, making it a favorite for designers wishing to create a naturalistic and ever-evolving landscape.
Seasonal Care Calendar
Spring
Refresh the plant by combing out dead or winter-damaged leaves by hand. This is the ideal time to apply a light dressing of balanced fertilizer to the soil surface to encourage vigorous new growth as temperatures rise.
- Combing foliage
- Spring fertilizing
Summer
Peak flowering occurs throughout summer. Provide extra water during prolonged dry spells to prevent the plant from wilting. Monitor the foliage for any signs of heat stress if the plant is situated in a very sunny position.
- Extra summer water
- Monitor heat stress
Autumn
The foliage colours often become more intense as the weather cools. Tidy up any debris around the base of the plant. This is also a good time for propagation by division if the clumps have become too large for their space.
- Autumn colour
- Division
Winter
Naturally frost-hardy but growth will slow during the dormant months. Ensure the site remains free of heavy debris and that drainage is adequate to prevent the crown from rotting in excessively waterlogged winter soils.
- Frost hardy
- Check drainage
When to Prune and How Much
Anemanthele lessoniana requires very little pruning. To maintain its beauty, simply comb out the dead, brown leaves in early spring to make room for new growth. If a plant has become very large or untidy, it can be cut back to about 15 cm above the soil level in spring or summer. Avoid cutting lower than 15 cm, as this may damage the central crown. Always use sharp, sterilized shears for any trimming to ensure clean cuts and to prevent the potential spread of disease.
- Combing dead leaves
- Maintenance pruning
Always use clean, sharp tools.
How to Grow Gossamer Grass
Cultivating Anemanthele lessoniana ( Anemanthele lessoniana ) is a rewarding endeavor for any gardener interested in New Zealand's unique flora. This species can be propagated through several methods, each requiring specific conditions to ensure healthy growth and establishment. Successful propagation depends on mimicking the plant's natural environment and providing consistent care during the early stages of development.
From Seed
Propagation from seed is often the most effective way to produce a large number of Anemanthele lessoniana plants. Seeds should be collected when they are fully mature. Freshly collected seeds generally have higher germination rates than those that have been stored for long periods.
Sow fresh seeds in a seed-raising mix.
- Collect seeds
- Sow in trays
Keep moist until germination.
From Cuttings
For those wishing to replicate specific characteristics of a parent plant, vegetative propagation via cuttings is the preferred method. This technique ensures that the new plants are genetically identical to the source. Semi-hardwood cuttings taken during the appropriate season usually yield the best results for this species.
Take semi-hardwood cuttings in late summer.
- Take cuttings
- Use rooting hormone
Additional Methods
Depending on the growth habit of Anemanthele lessoniana , other methods such as division or layering might also be viable options. Division is particularly suitable for plants that form dense clumps or have spreading root systems, while layering can be used for species with trailing or flexible stems.
Division can be done in early spring.
- Divide clumps
- Replant immediately
Pests & Diseases
This species is generally pest-free and disease-free, making it an exceptionally reliable choice for the garden. To ensure its long-term health, avoid over-fertilizing, which can lead to weak growth and increased susceptibility to issues. The main threat is root rot caused by stagnant, waterlogged soils, so providing excellent drainage is the best preventative measure. Regularly checking the base of the plant for any signs of decay will help keep it thriving for many years.
Cultural Significance
While not as extensively documented for traditional Māori uses as some other native plants, Gossamer Grass ( Anemanthele lessoniana ) was valued for its aesthetic qualities and its role in the natural environment. The graceful, flowing movement of the grass in the wind was observed and appreciated, and the plant was sometimes used in weaving and for decorative purposes.
- Traditional medicine
- Crafts
Bonus Tip
To maximize the vibrant copper and gold tints of the foliage, plant your Wind Grass in a sunny, exposed position. The more light and air movement the plant receives, the more intense and beautiful the colour transitions will become, especially during the autumn and winter months.
Related Plants
Explore other native plants that share similar characteristics or habitats with Anemanthele Lessoniana ( Anemanthele lessoniana ), offering further insights into New Zealand's diverse flora. These related species provide context and opportunities for complementary planting in your garden.
Plant Conservation
Conservation Status
While Anemanthele lessoniana (Gossamer Grass) is widely cultivated globally, its natural populations in New Zealand face conservation challenges. Its national conservation status is currently assessed as "At Risk - Declining," and it is considered "Naturally Rare" due to its limited natural distribution and small population sizes in the wild.The primary threats to wild populations include habitat loss due to land development and competition from invasive exotic species. Although not explicitly mentioned as a major threat in all sources, browsing by introduced animals could also impact its natural regeneration. Conservation efforts focus on protecting and managing its remaining natural habitats, particularly in coastal and open forest areas. Research into its ecological requirements and genetic diversity is important for ensuring the long-term survival of this unique native grass in its natural environment.