Shaking Brake
Pteris tremula
This native plant, known as Shaking Brake(scientific name: Pteris tremula ), is a remarkable species endemic to New Zealand. It is characterized by its unique features, ecological role, and cultural significance. This comprehensive guide provides detailed information on its care, propagation, and importance within the New Zealand ecosystem. Understanding this plant contributes to the appreciation of our rich biodiversity and heritage, and supports conservation efforts for Browse All .
Plant Description
Identification and Physical Characteristics
Shaking Brake ( Pteris tremula ), also known as Australian brake or tender brakefern, is a terrestrial fern species native to sheltered areas and forests in eastern Australia and New Zealand Discover more about native grasses. It features pale green, lacy, compound fronds that can reach up to 2 meters in length, though typically ranging from 0.3 to 1.2 meters. These fronds are often 3-pinnate or more, giving them a delicate, lacy appearance. The delicate leaves are known to quiver and shake with the slightest breeze, earning it the nickname "shaking brake." The fern has a short, erect, tufted rhizome covered with narrow brown scales. The stipe (stalk) is typically brown, shiny, and can be up to 0.6 meters long, sometimes reaching 0.95 meters. The brownish sori (spore-producing structures) line the undersides of the frond margins. It is a fast-growing and relatively easy-to-grow fern in cultivation, preferring shady spots with good drainage and some moisture retention.
Quick Facts
| Scientific Name | Pteris tremula |
|---|---|
| Height | 0.8-2.0 m |
| Spread | 0.8-1.5 m clump |
| Water Needs | Consistent moisture |
| Light | Shade to bright shade |
| Frost Tolerance | Varies |
| Salt Tolerance | Varies |
| Growth Rate | Varies |
| Lifespan | Varies |
Climate Best Suited to
Pteris tremula is well adapted to various New Zealand regions.
Regional Suitability
| City | Climate Suitability |
|---|---|
| Auckland | High |
| Wellington | High |
| Christchurch | Medium |
Plant Habitat
Natural Occurrence and Ecology
Shaking Brake ( Pteris tremula ), also known as Australian brake or tender brakefern, is a terrestrial fern species native to eastern Australia and New Zealand. In New Zealand, it is found throughout the North, South, and Chatham Islands, as well as the Kermadec and Three Kings Islands.Sheltered Areas and Forests:Its natural habitat includes sheltered areas and forests, particularly wet sclerophyll and rainforest environments.Coastal to Montane:It thrives in coastal to montane areas, often in open, dry forests, scrubland, and even disturbed areas.Disturbed Ground:It is highly adaptable and can be found in wasteland, track and roadsides, and retaining walls in urban environments, showcasing its ability to colonize disturbed ground.Soil:It prefers well-drained soil with some moisture retention.Light:It is adaptable to various conditions, including sun and shade, but generally prefers shaded spots.Tolerance:It is adaptable and can tolerate frost, sun, shade, salt, and wind, making it a resilient species in diverse environments.The Shaking Brake's widespread distribution and adaptability to a wide range of conditions underscore its ecological importance in contributing to the biodiversity and structural complexity of New Zealand's natural landscapes.
Growing Requirements
Soil Requirements
Prefers well-draining soil rich in organic matter.
- Well-drained
- Loamy
Light Requirements
Grows best in partial to full sun.
- Full Sun
- Partial Shade
Water Requirements
Requires regular watering during dry periods.
- Regular
- Drought tolerant once established
Planting and Establishing
Establishment Guidance
Plant Pteris tremula in a hole twice the width of the root ball.
Proper establishment is key to long-term success. Ensure the planting hole is twice as wide as the root ball and backfill with a mix of native soil and organic compost. Initial watering should be thorough, followed by regular monitoring during the first two growing seasons to ensure the plant becomes well-anchored and resilient to local climate fluctuations.
Ecological Role
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Impact
Provides habitat and food for native fauna.
This species plays a vital role in its local ecosystem, providing essential habitat and food sources for native biodiversity. Its presence supports complex ecological interactions, contributing to the overall health and stability of the environment. By planting this native, you help maintain the intricate web of life that defines New Zealand's unique natural heritage.
Uses & Significance
Garden Uses
Ideal for rock gardens and native borders.
- Rock gardens
- Ground cover
Ecological Value
Supports local pollinators.
- Birds
- Insects
The versatility of this plant makes it a valuable addition to many New Zealand gardens. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, it offers practical benefits such as soil stabilization and shelter for smaller plants. Its historical and modern uses highlight its enduring importance in both traditional practices and contemporary landscape design, making it a thoughtful choice for any restoration or gardening project.
Landscaping Uses
Adds texture and form to modern landscapes.
In a landscape setting, this plant provides excellent structure and year-round interest. Its unique form and foliage can be used to create focal points or as a cohesive element in a larger native planting scheme. It pairs well with other New Zealand natives, allowing for the creation of diverse and resilient garden environments that reflect the natural beauty of Aotearoa.
Seasonal Care Calendar
Spring
Mulch and apply balanced fertilizer.
- Fertilize
- Mulch
Summer
Water deeply during dry spells.
- Water
- Check for pests
Autumn
Tidy up any dead foliage.
- Prune lightly
- Plant new specimens
Winter
Protect from heavy frosts if necessary.
- Frost protection
When to Prune and How Much
Minimal pruning required to maintain shape.
- Remove dead branches
Always use clean, sharp tools.
Regular maintenance through careful pruning ensures the plant remains healthy and maintains its desired shape. Focus on removing dead or diseased wood to promote better air circulation and prevent the spread of pathogens. Proper pruning techniques help the plant direct its energy toward new growth, resulting in a more robust and aesthetically pleasing specimen in your garden.
How to Grow Shaking Brake
Cultivating Pteris tremula ( Pteris tremula ) is a rewarding endeavor for any gardener interested in New Zealand's unique flora. This species can be propagated through several methods, each requiring specific conditions to ensure healthy growth and establishment. Successful propagation depends on mimicking the plant's natural environment and providing consistent care during the early stages of development.
From Seed
Propagation from seed is often the most effective way to produce a large number of Pteris Tremula plants. Seeds should be collected when they are fully mature. Freshly collected seeds generally have higher germination rates than those that have been stored for long periods.
Sow fresh seeds in a seed-raising mix.
- Collect seeds
- Sow in trays
Keep moist until germination.
From Cuttings
For those wishing to replicate specific characteristics of a parent plant, vegetative propagation via cuttings is the preferred method. This technique ensures that the new plants are genetically identical to the source. Semi-hardwood cuttings taken during the appropriate season usually yield the best results for this species.
Take semi-hardwood cuttings in late summer.
- Take cuttings
- Use rooting hormone
Additional Methods
Depending on the growth habit of Pteris tremula , other methods such as division or layering might also be viable options. Division is particularly suitable for plants that form dense clumps or have spreading root systems, while layering can be used for species with trailing or flexible stems.
Division can be done in early spring.
- Divide clumps
- Replant immediately
Pests & Diseases
Generally resistant to major pests.
While generally resilient, maintaining optimal growing conditions is the best defense against pests and diseases. Regular monitoring allows for early detection of any issues, which can often be managed through cultural practices or organic interventions. Ensuring good air circulation and appropriate watering will significantly reduce the plant's susceptibility to common environmental stresses and pathogens.
Cultural Significance
Shaking brake's delicate, mobile fronds make it a favourite for shaded gardens and fernery displays, contributing to the living tradition of New Zealand fern appreciation.While Pteris tremula , also known as Australian brake or tender brake, is a widely distributed fern in Australia and New Zealand, information regarding its specific cultural significance is limited. One source briefly mentions "Aboriginal Significance" in the context of its distribution in the Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges (AMLR) region of South Australia, but the details of this significance are not elaborated upon. The fern is primarily described in botanical terms, noting its pale green, lacy fronds and its preference for sheltered areas and forests. It is also recognized as a fast-growing and easily cultivated plant, which can sometimes become weedy. Its common name, "shaking brake," is derived from the way its fronds gently tremble in a light breeze.
- Traditional medicine
- Crafts
Bonus Tip
Excellent for low-maintenance gardens.
For an extra boost, consider applying a thin layer of high-quality organic mulch around the base of the plant. This helps retain soil moisture, suppresses weeds, and gradually improves soil structure as it breaks down. This simple step can make a significant difference in the plant's overall vigor and resilience, especially during periods of extreme weather.
Related Plants
Explore other native plants that share similar characteristics or habitats with Pteris tremula ( Pteris tremula ), offering further insights into New Zealand's diverse flora. These related species provide context and opportunities for complementary planting in your garden.
Plant Conservation
Conservation Status
Pteris tremula , also known as Tender Brake or Australian Brake, is a fern species native to Australia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Lord Howe Island, Vanuatu, and Fiji. In New Zealand, it is generally classified as "Not Threatened," but regional assessments may differ. In the Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges (AMLR) of South Australia, it is considered of conservation significance due to its "Extremely Restricted" area of occupancy and "Very High" taxonomic uniqueness. Despite its native status in some regions, Pteris tremula is a highly versatile and fast-growing species that can readily colonize gardens and walls. It has naturalized in various parts of the world, including southern Africa, California, and Argentina, where it can become an invasive weed, posing a threat to natural environments. Key threats to Pteris tremula in areas where it is of conservation concern include drought, climate change, invasion by weeds, altered water quality, increased water flows, and Phytophthora infestations.