<i>Pittosporum fairchildii</i>(Pittosporum fairchildii) hero image

Fairchild's Kōhūhū

Pittosporum fairchildii

Not specified

This native plant, known as Pittosporum fairchildii (scientific name: Pittosporum fairchildii ), is a remarkable species endemic to New Zealand. It is characterized by its unique features, ecological role, and cultural significance. This comprehensive guide provides detailed information on its care, propagation, and importance within the New Zealand ecosystem. Understanding this plant contributes to the appreciation of our rich biodiversity and heritage, and supports conservation efforts for Browse All .

<i>Pittosporum fairchildii</i>(Pittosporum fairchildii) showing <i>Pittosporum fairchildii</i>growth habit
Image credit: Fairchild's Kōhūhū (Pittosporum fairchildii) - photo by Wikipedia contributors, via Wikipedia

Plant Description

Identification and Physical Characteristics

Fairchild's Kōhūhū ( Pittosporum fairchildii ) is a species of plant endemic to New Zealand, specifically found on the Three Kings Islands Discover more about native ferns. It is classified as a gynodioecious shrub to a small tree, typically growing 3 to 6 meters tall. Its leaves are dark green and leathery on the upper side, paler underneath, and elongated in shape. They are 5-7.5 cm long and sparsely covered in white fuzz when young, becoming mostly glabrous (smooth) with age. The branches are erect to spreading, grey-black, with young branchlets covered in a grey to brownish-grey tomentum (dense, matted hairs) that soon becomes smooth. In late spring, it produces small clusters of dark red to purple, chocolate, or white, daisy-like flowers, emerging in terminal clusters of 2-4 flowers during May to September. The fruit is a large, yellow-green capsule, about 2.5 cm wide, that splits into three or four sections to reveal dark, sticky seeds. These capsules are subglobose, 3-valved, and finely brown tomentose, maturing to pale yellow. It typically grows in coastal forest and on sheltered cliff faces, often found in the forest understory.

Quick Facts

Pittosporum fairchildii quick facts
Scientific Name Pittosporum fairchildii
Height 3-6 m
Spread 2-4 m
Water Needs Moderate; free-draining soils
Light Sun to partial shade
Frost Tolerance Moderate; protect from severe frosts
Salt Tolerance Moderate; tolerates some coastal exposure
Growth Rate Moderate
Lifespan Long-lived

Climate Best Suited to

Pittosporum fairchildii is well adapted to various New Zealand regions.

Regional Suitability

City suitability for Pittosporum fairchildii
City Climate Suitability
Auckland High
Wellington High
Christchurch Medium

Plant Habitat

Natural Occurrence and Ecology

Fairchild's Kōhūhū ( Pittosporum fairchildii ) is a species of plant endemic to New Zealand, specifically found on the Three Kings Islands. Its natural habitat includes coastal forests and sheltered cliff faces, where it is typically found in the forest understory or occasionally in open petrel scrub.Three Kings Islands Endemic:This species is exclusively found on the Three Kings Islands, a group of islands off the northern coast of New Zealand. It is known from the North East, Great (Manawatāwhi), South East, and West islands of this group.Coastal Forests:It thrives in coastal forest environments, indicating its adaptation to maritime conditions.Sheltered Cliff Faces:It is often found on sheltered cliff faces, suggesting a preference for protected yet exposed sites.Forest Understory:It commonly grows in the forest understory, indicating its tolerance for dappled light and humid conditions.Open Petrel Scrub:Occasionally, it can be found in open petrel scrub, showcasing some adaptability to more open environments."At Risk - Naturally Uncommon": Pittosporum fairchildii is classified as "At Risk - Naturally Uncommon," highlighting its restricted distribution and the importance of conservation efforts to protect this unique species and its habitat.The specialized habitat of Fairchild's Kōhūhū on the Three Kings Islands underscores its unique ecological niche and its contribution to the distinct biodiversity of this isolated island group.

Growing Requirements

Soil Requirements

Prefers well-draining soil rich in organic matter.

  • Well-drained
  • Loamy

Light Requirements

Grows best in partial to full sun.

  • Full Sun
  • Partial Shade

Water Requirements

Requires regular watering during dry periods.

  • Regular
  • Drought tolerant once established

Planting and Establishing

Establishment Guidance

Plant Pittosporum fairchildii in a hole twice the width of the root ball.

Proper establishment is key to long-term success. Ensure the planting hole is twice as wide as the root ball and backfill with a mix of native soil and organic compost. Initial watering should be thorough, followed by regular monitoring during the first two growing seasons to ensure the plant becomes well-anchored and resilient to local climate fluctuations.

Ecological Role

Biodiversity and Ecosystem Impact

Provides habitat and food for native fauna.

This species plays a vital role in its local ecosystem, providing essential habitat and food sources for native biodiversity. Its presence supports complex ecological interactions, contributing to the overall health and stability of the environment. By planting this native, you help maintain the intricate web of life that defines New Zealand's unique natural heritage.

Uses & Significance

Garden Uses

Ideal for rock gardens and native borders.

  • Rock gardens
  • Ground cover

Ecological Value

Supports local pollinators.

  • Birds
  • Insects

The versatility of this plant makes it a valuable addition to many New Zealand gardens. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, it offers practical benefits such as soil stabilization and shelter for smaller plants. Its historical and modern uses highlight its enduring importance in both traditional practices and contemporary landscape design, making it a thoughtful choice for any restoration or gardening project.

Landscaping Uses

Adds texture and form to modern landscapes.

In a landscape setting, this plant provides excellent structure and year-round interest. Its unique form and foliage can be used to create focal points or as a cohesive element in a larger native planting scheme. It pairs well with other New Zealand natives, allowing for the creation of diverse and resilient garden environments that reflect the natural beauty of Aotearoa.

Seasonal Care Calendar

Spring

Mulch and apply balanced fertilizer.

  • Fertilize
  • Mulch

Summer

Water deeply during dry spells.

  • Water
  • Check for pests

Autumn

Tidy up any dead foliage.

  • Prune lightly
  • Plant new specimens

Winter

Protect from heavy frosts if necessary.

  • Frost protection

When to Prune and How Much

Minimal pruning required to maintain shape.

  • Remove dead branches

Always use clean, sharp tools.

Regular maintenance through careful pruning ensures the plant remains healthy and maintains its desired shape. Focus on removing dead or diseased wood to promote better air circulation and prevent the spread of pathogens. Proper pruning techniques help the plant direct its energy toward new growth, resulting in a more robust and aesthetically pleasing specimen in your garden.

How to Grow Fairchild's Kōhūhū

Cultivating Pittosporum fairchildii ( Pittosporum fairchildii ) is a rewarding endeavor for any gardener interested in New Zealand's unique flora. This species can be propagated through several methods, each requiring specific conditions to ensure healthy growth and establishment. Successful propagation depends on mimicking the plant's natural environment and providing consistent care during the early stages of development.

From Seed

Propagation from seed is often the most effective way to produce a large number of Pittosporum fairchildii plants. Seeds should be collected when they are fully mature. Freshly collected seeds generally have higher germination rates than those that have been stored for long periods.

Sow fresh seeds in a seed-raising mix.

  1. Collect seeds
  2. Sow in trays

Keep moist until germination.

From Cuttings

For those wishing to replicate specific characteristics of a parent plant, vegetative propagation via cuttings is the preferred method. This technique ensures that the new plants are genetically identical to the source. Semi-hardwood cuttings taken during the appropriate season usually yield the best results for this species.

Take semi-hardwood cuttings in late summer.

  1. Take cuttings
  2. Use rooting hormone

Additional Methods

Depending on the growth habit of Pittosporum fairchildii , other methods such as division or layering might also be viable options. Division is particularly suitable for plants that form dense clumps or have spreading root systems, while layering can be used for species with trailing or flexible stems.

Division can be done in early spring.

  1. Divide clumps
  2. Replant immediately

Pests & Diseases

Generally resistant to major pests.

While generally resilient, maintaining optimal growing conditions is the best defense against pests and diseases. Regular monitoring allows for early detection of any issues, which can often be managed through cultural practices or organic interventions. Ensuring good air circulation and appropriate watering will significantly reduce the plant's susceptibility to common environmental stresses and pathogens.

Cultural Significance

Pittosporum fairchildii , also known as Fairchild's kōhūhū, is a species of plant endemic to New Zealand, specifically found on the remote Three Kings Islands. While the plant is named in honour of Captain J. Fairchild, a 19th-century seaman, there is no widely documented specific cultural significance or traditional uses attributed directly to Pittosporum fairchildii in standard references.The broader Pittosporum genus in New Zealand does hold some cultural relevance. For instance, fragrant Pittosporum species like Pittosporum eugenioides (tarata or lemonwood) were sought after by Māori for use as scent or body lotion, with their resinous sap and crushed leaves mixed with plant oils. However, these general uses for the genus are not specifically linked to Pittosporum fairchildii . Its restricted distribution to the Three Kings Islands may contribute to the lack of extensive documented cultural practices associated with this particular species.

  • Traditional medicine
  • Crafts

Bonus Tip

Excellent for low-maintenance gardens.

For an extra boost, consider applying a thin layer of high-quality organic mulch around the base of the plant. This helps retain soil moisture, suppresses weeds, and gradually improves soil structure as it breaks down. This simple step can make a significant difference in the plant's overall vigor and resilience, especially during periods of extreme weather.

Plant Conservation

Conservation Status

Pittosporum fairchildii , also known as Fairchild's kōhūhū, is endemic to New Zealand, specifically the Three Kings Islands.Vulnerable by the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) in 1998.Not threatened by the NZPCN in more recent assessments, but noted to qualify for "Range Restricted" status due to its small geographic area. Naturally Uncommon in 2017 and 2012 by the Flora of New Zealand.