Twiggy Tree Daisy
Olearia virgata
The Twiggy Tree Daisy (scientific name: Olearia virgata ) is a highly versatile and resilient evergreen shrub endemic to New Zealand. Found throughout the North, South, and Stewart Islands, it is particularly well-known for its slender, wiry, and often interlacing branches that give it a characteristically "twiggy" appearance. This fast-growing native is a master of many environments, from lowland bogs to subalpine shrublands. With its mass of fragrant summer flowers and its ability to withstand both wind and wetland conditions, it has become a popular choice for New Zealand gardeners seeking a structural or hedging plant. This guide explores its unique characteristics, diverse habitats, and practical care instructions for Native Shrubs .
Plant Description
Olearia virgata is a robust, many-branched evergreen shrub that typically grows between 2 and 4 metres in height, with a similar spread. Its growth habit is characterized by slender, wiry, and often interlacing branchlets that create a dense, architectural silhouette. The foliage consists of small, green leaves that are typically 5 to 10 millimetres long and obovate to narrow-obovate in shape. A distinctive feature is the soft, white to buff-coloured down (tomentum) that covers the undersides of the leaves, providing protection from the elements. In summer, from October to January, the shrub is covered in a profusion of small, fragrant flowers. These daisy-like blooms are white or creamy-yellow and are held in small clusters at the tips of the twigs. The flowers are highly attractive to native pollinators and are followed by fluffy, wind-borne seeds that develop from December to February.
Quick Facts
| Scientific Name | Olearia virgata |
|---|---|
| Height | 2.0-4.0 metres |
| Spread | 1.5-3.0 metres |
| Water Needs | Moderate (Tolerates wetlands) |
| Light | Full Sun to Partial Shade |
| Frost Tolerance | High (Fully hardy) |
| Salt Tolerance | Moderate to High |
| Growth Rate | Fast |
| Lifespan | Perennial (Long-lived) |
Climate Best Suited to
The Twiggy Tree Daisy is exceptionally adaptable and thrives in most New Zealand climates. It is particularly well-suited to regions with high rainfall or boggy ground, but it is equally resilient in coastal environments where it can handle wind and salt spray. It is fully frost-hardy and performs well in both the cooler South Island and the warmer regions of the North Island. Its primary requirement is a position with good air movement, as its dense twiggy structure can be susceptible to mildews in very stagnant, humid microclimates.
Regional Suitability
| City | Climate Suitability |
|---|---|
| Auckland | Excellent |
| Wellington | Excellent |
| Christchurch | Excellent |
| Dunedin | Excellent |
| Invercargill | Excellent |
Plant Habitat
Naturally, Olearia virgata is found in a wide variety of habitats across New Zealand, typically southwards from latitude 37°S. It is a common inhabitant of lowlands, open shrublands, and valley floors. It has a particular affinity for damp or boggy ground, often being a primary component of native wetland margins. It also extends into subalpine shrublands, where it forms dense, wind-resistant thickets. This species is often one of the first shrubs to colonize open, disturbed sites, making it a valuable pioneer species in natural ecological succession.
Plant Conservation
As of the most recent 2023 assessment, Olearia virgata is classified as "Not Threatened" in New Zealand. Its broad geographic distribution and ability to thrive in a range of environments-from coastal cliffs to inland bogs-have ensured its continued success in the wild. While not currently at risk of extinction, it remains an important part of New Zealand's biodiversity, providing essential habitat and food for native invertebrates and birds. Preserving the diverse range of habitats it occupies is key to maintaining the overall health of its wild populations.
Growing Requirements
Soil Requirements
Very adaptable. Thrives in well-drained fertile soil but tolerates clay, sand, and boggy ground.
- Tolerates light to heavy soils
- Adapts to acidic or alkaline pH
- Excellent for moisture-prone areas
Light Requirements
Performs best in full sun but is tolerant of partial shade. High light promotes more flowers.
- Full sun preferred
- Partial shade acceptable
- Requires good air circulation
Water Requirements
Needs regular watering during establishment. Once mature, it is remarkably drought and wind tolerant.
- Water once every 1-2 weeks
- Allow soil to dry between sessions
- Highly tolerant of winter wet
Planting Guide
When planting Olearia virgata , choose a spot that matches your intended use-either as a structural specimen or as part of a hedge. Dig a hole twice the width of the root ball and enrich it with a light application of compost. Because it is a fast-growing species, it establishes very quickly. If you are planting a hedge, space the shrubs about 50 to 75 centimetres apart. Plant in spring or autumn to take advantage of natural rainfall. Apply a light layer of mulch around the base to help suppress weeds and conserve moisture during the first summer.
Ecological Role
The Twiggy Tree Daisy plays a vital role in New Zealand's ecosystems. Its dense, interlacing branches provide excellent shelter and nesting sites for small native birds and lizards. The fragrant summer flowers are a significant nectar source for a variety of native insects, including bees, butterflies, and moths. Like other small-leaved Olearias, it is a primary host for native moth larvae. By stabilizing the soil in wetland margins and serving as a hardy pioneer in disturbed sites, it facilitates the establishment of other native species, supporting the overall resilience of the ecosystem.
Uses & Significance
Garden Uses
A versatile and low-maintenance shrub for structure, screening, and ecological benefit.
- Excellent for fast-growing native hedges
- Ideal for structural interest in rock gardens
- Perfect for native wetland restoration
A prominent member of New Zealand's unique "twiggy" shrub community.
- Symbolic of New Zealand's resilient flora
- A classic choice for biodiversity-focused gardens
- Valued for its ability to host native moths
Ecological Value
Provides critical services to local pollinators and wildlife habitat.
- Important nectar source for native pollinators
- Dense habitat for birds and invertebrates
- Stabilizes damp soils and wetland margins
Cultural Significance
While specific records are limited for this species, Olearia virgata sits within a wider native plant tradition valued for its ecological role and local stewardship.
Landscaping Uses
In landscaping, Olearia virgata is prized for its unique architectural form and fine-textured foliage. It is particularly effective when used as a formal or informal hedge, where its fast growth and tolerance for severe pruning are major assets. It can also be used as a singular specimen plant to add a sense of wild, natural beauty to a garden. The reddish-brown stems provide a sophisticated contrast to the dark greens of other native shrubs. Its adaptability to both dry and wet conditions makes it an excellent choice for modern sustainable landscapes where site conditions may vary.
Seasonal Care Calendar
Spring
As new growth begins, focus on pruning and feeding.
- Prune in early spring before growth starts
- Apply a light dose of slow-release fertiliser
- Refresh the mulch around the base
Summer
The peak growing and flowering period.
- Water during prolonged dry spells
- Enjoy the fragrant white flowers
- Watch for native butterfly activity
Autumn
Flowering ends and seeds disperse.
- Collect fresh seeds for propagation
- Tidy up any broken or damaged branchlets
- Reduce supplemental watering
Winter
The plant is dormant. A good time for light tidying.
- Remove any dead wood or crossing branches
- Ensure drainage remains clear
- Fully frost hardy; no protection needed
When to Prune and How Much
Olearia virgata is very tolerant of pruning and can be cut back firmly if necessary.
- Lightly prune after flowering to maintain a tight habit
- Cut back hard in early spring to rejuvenate old wood
- Thin out crowded areas to improve air circulation
Always use sharp, sterilized tools. Because it is so resilient, you can prune it to maintain a formal hedge or simply tidy the branch structure to showcase its natural architectural form. It responds quickly to pruning with vigorous new growth.
How to Grow Twiggy Tree Daisy ( Olearia virgata )
Growing the Twiggy Tree Daisy ( Olearia virgata ) is a rewarding and relatively simple process, making it an ideal choice for both new and experienced native plant enthusiasts. The key to success is its remarkable adaptability; it isn't fussy about soil and can handle a wide range of moisture levels. To successfully cultivate it, provide a sunny to partially shaded spot with good air movement. If you are using it for a hedge, remember that its fast growth rate means it will establish a screen very quickly, but it will also require regular trimming to keep it looking sharp. Traditionally, native plant growers have found that this species doesn't need much in the way of rich fertiliser-a simple application of compost or a light native-plant food in the spring is more than sufficient. One of the best aspects of growing Olearia virgata is its contribution to the local ecosystem; within a few seasons, your shrub will likely become a home for small native moths and spiders, adding life and vitality to your garden.
From Seed
Seeds can be grown but are often slow and have a lower germination rate than cuttings.
- Collect the fluffy seeds in late summer when they turn brown.
- Sow on the surface of a seed-raising mix and cover lightly.
- Keep in a cool, bright spot and maintain even moisture.
- Be patient, as germination can be irregular.
Seedlings should be moved into individual pots once they are large enough to handle.
From Cuttings
Semi-hardwood cuttings are the most efficient way to propagate this species.
- Take 10-15 centimetre cuttings from healthy, non-flowering stems.
- Remove the lower leaves and dip the ends in rooting hormone.
- Insert into a mix of sharp sand and peat or perlite.
- Keep in a cool, humid environment until roots are well-established.
Additional Methods
Relocation of young self-sown seedlings is often possible in established gardens.
- Look for small, wiry seedlings near mature plants in early spring.
- Carefully lift with a good amount of surrounding soil.
- Replant immediately and water well until new growth appears.
Pests & Diseases
Olearia virgata is generally robust and suffers from few serious pests. Its greatest enemy is poor air circulation combined with high humidity, which can lead to mildews or fungal issues within the dense branch structure. Ensure the site is open and breezy. While it hosts many native insects, these are typically part of a healthy ecosystem and do not harm the shrub. Slugs and snails may target young shoots in spring. If the plant is grown in a container, check the roots for root mealybug if growth appears stunted.
Bonus Tip
For a stunning contrast, plant your Twiggy Tree Daisy alongside the bold, dark leaves of New Zealand Flax (Phormium tenax). The fine, wiry texture of the Olearia's branches looks incredible against the sword-like form of the flax, especially when backlit by the morning sun.
Related Plants
Explore other native plants that share similar characteristics or habitats with Twiggy Tree Daisy ( Olearia virgata ), offering further insights into New Zealand's diverse flora. These related species provide context and opportunities for complementary planting in your garden.
