Climbing Shield Fern
Dendroconche scandens
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Dendroconche scandens, commonly called Climbing Shield Fern, Mokimoki or Fragrant Fern (formerly Microsorum scandens), is a climbing and scrambling fern native to New Zealand and eastern Australia. It uses long-creeping, slender, wiry rhizomes covered in dark brown scales to spread over rocks, tree trunks, tree ferns and bare ground in coastal to lowland forest. The dull green fronds vary with age: juvenile fronds are small and undivided, while adult fronds are larger, thin and divided, and often droop. Reaching around 0.5 to 1.5 m in height with rhizomes spreading 1 to 3 m, it prefers shade and high moisture and is valued for its scent and ground-covering habit. Explore more native climbers in our native plant guide.
Plant Description
Identification and Physical Characteristics
Dendroconche scandens , commonly known as Climbing Shield Fern, Mokimoki, or Fragrant Fern (formerly Microsorum scandens ), is a climbing or scrambling fern native to New Zealand and parts of Australia Discover more about native trees. It is an epiphytic or rupestral fern that can be found covering rock piles, tree and tree fern trunks, and bare ground in coastal to lowland forest habitats. Its rhizomes are long-creeping, slender, wiry, and densely covered in persistent, dark brown to purple-brown scales. The fronds are dull green and can vary in size; juvenile fronds are smaller and undivided, while adult fronds are larger, thin, and divided, often drooping. A key characteristic is its distinctive musky fragrance when fresh or recently dried. The sori (spore clusters) are rounded, sometimes elongated or oval, and are impressed into the underside of the frond. This fern thrives in shaded, damp situations and prefers consistent moisture.
Quick Facts
| Scientific Name | Dendroconche scandens |
|---|---|
| Height | 0.5-1.5 m |
| Spread | 1-3 m (rhizomes) |
| Water Needs | High |
| Light | Shade to part shade |
| Frost Tolerance | Moderate |
| Salt Tolerance | Poor |
| Growth Rate | Moderate |
| Lifespan | Long |
Climate Best Suited to
Dendroconche scandens is well adapted to various New Zealand regions.
Regional Suitability
| City | Climate Suitability |
|---|---|
| Auckland | High |
| Wellington | High |
| Christchurch | Medium |
Plant Habitat
Natural Occurrence and Ecology
The Climbing Shield Fern ( Dendroconche scandens ), also known as mokimoki or fragrant fern, is a versatile and widespread native of New Zealand, found across the North, South, and Chatham Islands, as well as parts of eastern Australia. This adaptable fern thrives in coastal to lowland forests, where it exhibits a remarkable range of growth habits. It can be found creeping along the ground, scrambling over rocks and banks, or climbing high up the trunks of trees and tree ferns as an epiphyte. It prefers shaded, damp situations, often in less open areas of the forest, and requires consistent moisture. While it can tolerate some variation, it is less drought-tolerant than some other ferns, indicating its preference for humid, sheltered environments. Its ability to colonize various substrates makes it a significant component of the forest understorey and a key contributor to the biodiversity of these ecosystems.
Growing Requirements
Soil Requirements
Prefers well-draining soil rich in organic matter.
- Well-drained
- Loamy
Light Requirements
Grows best in partial to full sun.
- Full Sun
- Partial Shade
Water Requirements
Requires regular watering during dry periods.
- Regular
- Drought tolerant once established
Planting and Establishing
Establishment Guidance
Plant Dendroconche scandens in a hole twice the width of the root ball.
Proper establishment is key to long-term success. Ensure the planting hole is twice as wide as the root ball and backfill with a mix of native soil and organic compost. Initial watering should be thorough, followed by regular monitoring during the first two growing seasons to ensure the plant becomes well-anchored and resilient to local climate fluctuations.
Ecological Role
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Impact
Provides habitat and food for native fauna.
This species plays a vital role in its local ecosystem, providing essential habitat and food sources for native biodiversity. Its presence supports complex ecological interactions, contributing to the overall health and stability of the environment. By planting this native, you help maintain the intricate web of life that defines New Zealand's unique natural heritage.
Uses & Significance
Garden Uses
Ideal for rock gardens and native borders.
- Rock gardens
- Ground cover
Ecological Value
Supports local pollinators.
- Birds
- Insects
The versatility of this plant makes it a valuable addition to many New Zealand gardens. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, it offers practical benefits such as soil stabilization and shelter for smaller plants. Its historical and modern uses highlight its enduring importance in both traditional practices and contemporary landscape design, making it a thoughtful choice for any restoration or gardening project.
Landscaping Uses
Adds texture and form to modern landscapes.
In a landscape setting, this plant provides excellent structure and year-round interest. Its unique form and foliage can be used to create focal points or as a cohesive element in a larger native planting scheme. It pairs well with other New Zealand natives, allowing for the creation of diverse and resilient garden environments that reflect the natural beauty of Aotearoa.
Seasonal Care Calendar
Spring
Mulch and apply balanced fertilizer.
- Fertilize
- Mulch
Summer
Water deeply during dry spells.
- Water
- Check for pests
Autumn
Tidy up any dead foliage.
- Prune lightly
- Plant new specimens
Winter
Protect from heavy frosts if necessary.
- Frost protection
When to Prune and How Much
Minimal pruning required to maintain shape.
- Remove dead branches
Always use clean, sharp tools.
Regular maintenance through careful pruning ensures the plant remains healthy and maintains its desired shape. Focus on removing dead or diseased wood to promote better air circulation and prevent the spread of pathogens. Proper pruning techniques help the plant direct its energy toward new growth, resulting in a more robust and aesthetically pleasing specimen in your garden.
How to Grow Climbing Shield Fern
Cultivating Dendroconche scandens ( Dendroconche scandens ) is a rewarding endeavor for any gardener interested in New Zealand's unique flora. This species can be propagated through several methods, each requiring specific conditions to ensure healthy growth and establishment. Successful propagation depends on mimicking the plant's natural environment and providing consistent care during the early stages of development.
From Seed
Propagation from seed is often the most effective way to produce a large number of Dendroconche scandens plants. Seeds should be collected when they are fully mature. Freshly collected seeds generally have higher germination rates than those that have been stored for long periods.
Sow fresh seeds in a seed-raising mix.
- Collect seeds
- Sow in trays
Keep moist until germination.
From Cuttings
For those wishing to replicate specific characteristics of a parent plant, vegetative propagation via cuttings is the preferred method. This technique ensures that the new plants are genetically identical to the source. Semi-hardwood cuttings taken during the appropriate season usually yield the best results for this species.
Take semi-hardwood cuttings in late summer.
- Take cuttings
- Use rooting hormone
Additional Methods
Depending on the growth habit of Dendroconche scandens , other methods such as division or layering might also be viable options. Division is particularly suitable for plants that form dense clumps or have spreading root systems, while layering can be used for species with trailing or flexible stems.
Division can be done in early spring.
- Divide clumps
- Replant immediately
Pests & Diseases
Generally resistant to major pests.
While generally resilient, maintaining optimal growing conditions is the best defense against pests and diseases. Regular monitoring allows for early detection of any issues, which can often be managed through cultural practices or organic interventions. Ensuring good air circulation and appropriate watering will significantly reduce the plant's susceptibility to common environmental stresses and pathogens.
Cultural Significance
Dendroconche scandens , commonly known as mokimoki or fragrant fern, holds significant cultural importance, particularly for the Māori people of New Zealand. The scented fronds of this fern were traditionally used by Māori to mask unpleasant odors. This use is a recognized part of traditional Māori knowledge of forest plants.
- Traditional medicine
- Crafts
Bonus Tip
Excellent for low-maintenance gardens.
For an extra boost, consider applying a thin layer of high-quality organic mulch around the base of the plant. This helps retain soil moisture, suppresses weeds, and gradually improves soil structure as it breaks down. This simple step can make a significant difference in the plant's overall vigor and resilience, especially during periods of extreme weather.
Related Plants
Explore other native plants that share similar characteristics or habitats with Dendroconche Scandens ( Dendroconche scandens ), offering further insights into New Zealand's diverse flora. These related species provide context and opportunities for complementary planting in your garden.
Plant Conservation
Conservation Status
Dendroconche scandens , also known as fragrant fern or mokimoki, is a common creeping fern found in New Zealand and parts of Australia. Its conservation status varies by region. In New Zealand, Dendroconche scandens was assessed in 2023 under the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS) and is currently classified as "Not Threatened". This status indicates that the species is not considered at risk of extinction in New Zealand. In Queensland, Australia, the species is listed with an "NCA Status: Special least concern" and is considered "Conservation Significant." However, it is "Not listed" under the Australian Government's Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act. The fern is adaptable, growing in coastal to lowland forests on rock piles, tree trunks, and bare ground. It is also easily cultivated from rooted rhizome pieces and is generally disease and pest-free once established.
Frequently Asked Questions
How does Dendroconche scandens grow?
It is a climbing and scrambling fern that spreads by long, wiry rhizomes over rocks, trunks and ground.
Why is it called Fragrant Fern?
Its fronds are scented, and Māori traditionally used them to mask unpleasant odours.
How much light does Dendroconche scandens need?
It prefers shade to part shade and needs high moisture, growing in coastal to lowland forest.
Is Dendroconche scandens suitable for coastal gardens?
Its salt tolerance is poor, so it is better suited to sheltered, shaded forest-like conditions.
Sources and Further Reading
The botanical, growing, and conservation details for Climbing Shield Fern (Dendroconche scandens) on this page draw on authoritative New Zealand plant references and citizen-science observation records. Consult the sources below for full technical records and the latest distribution data.